📅 Dates — ひづけ(日付)
How to say, ask, and understand dates in Japanese — from today's date to planning your trip to Tokyo. Japanese dates are written and spoken largest to smallest: year → month → day.
💬 Dialogues — かいわ
① What's the Date Today? — きょうはなんにち?
A:
すみません、きょうはなんにちですか?
Sumimasen, kyou wa nan-nichi desu ka?
Excuse me, what's the date today?
B:
ろくがつじゅうごにちです。
Roku-gatsu juugo-nichi desu.
It's the 15th of June.
A:
もうそんなにちですか!はやいですね。
Mou sonna nichi desu ka! Hayai desu ne.
It's already that date! Time flies.
② What Day Is It? — なんようびですか?
A:
きょうはなんようびですか?
Kyou wa nan-youbi desu ka?
What day of the week is it today?
B:
もくようびです。
Moku-youbi desu.
It's Thursday.
A:
じゃあ、しゅうまつはもうすぐですね!
Jaa, shuumatsu wa mousugu desu ne!
So the weekend is just around the corner!
③ When's Your Birthday? — たんじょうびはいつ?
A:
たんじょうびはいつですか?
Tanjoubi wa itsu desu ka?
When is your birthday?
B:
さんがつみっかです。あなたは?
San-gatsu mikka desu. Anata wa?
It's the 3rd of March. And yours?
A:
わたしはじゅうにがつはつかです。
Watashi wa juuni-gatsu hatsuka desu.
Mine is the 20th of December.
B:
クリスマスのちかくですね!
Kurisumasu no chikaku desu ne!
That's close to Christmas!
④ Visiting Tokyo — とうきょうにいつ?
A:
とうきょうにはいつごろいくよていですか?
Toukyou ni wa itsu goro iku yotei desu ka?
When are you planning to visit Tokyo?
B:
らいねんのしちがつにいくよていです。
Rainen no shichi-gatsu ni iku yotei desu.
I'm planning to go in July next year.
A:
なんにちごろですか?
Nan-nichi goro desu ka?
Around what date?
B:
じゅうごにちごろのよていです。たのしみです!
Juugo-nichi goro no yotei desu. Tanoshimi desu!
Around the 15th. I'm really looking forward to it!
⑤ Your Trip Dates — りょこうのひづけ
A:
にほんにはなんにちからなんにちまでいますか?
Nihon ni wa nan-nichi kara nan-nichi made imasu ka?
From what date to what date will you be in Japan?
B:
はちがつとおかからにじゅうにちまでです。
Hachi-gatsu tooka kara nijuu-nichi made desu.
From August 10th to the 20th.
A:
じゅうにちかんですね!たのしんできてください!
Juuni-nichi kan desu ne! Tanoshinde kite kudasai!
That's twelve days! Enjoy your time there!
⑥ When Does It Start? — いつはじまりますか?
A:
にほんごのじゅぎょうはいつはじまりますか?
Nihongo no jugyou wa itsu hajimarimasu ka?
When do the Japanese classes start?
B:
くがつついたち、げつようびからです。
Ku-gatsu tsuitachi, getsu-youbi kara desu.
From the 1st of September, on a Monday.
A:
わかりました。たのしみにしています!
Wakarimashita. Tanoshimi ni shite imasu!
Got it. I'm really looking forward to it!
📖 Vocabulary — ごい
20 essential date-related words. Verbs are in polite masu-form.
| # | Japanese | Romaji | English | Type | Note |
| 1 | きょう(今日) | kyou | today | adverb | |
| 2 | あした(明日) | ashita | tomorrow | adverb | also あす (asu) — more formal |
| 3 | きのう(昨日) | kinou | yesterday | adverb | |
| 4 | ひ(日) | hi | day | noun | general word for "day" |
| 5 | 〜にち(〜日) | ~nichi | date / day counter | counter | なんにちですか?= what date is it? |
| 6 | 〜がつ(〜月) | ~gatsu | month (number) | counter | ろくがつ = June (6th month) |
| 7 | 〜ねん(〜年) | ~nen | year | counter | にせんにじゅうごねん = 2025 |
| 8 | ようび(曜日) | youbi | day of the week | noun | なんようびですか?= what day is it? |
| 9 | たんじょうび(誕生日) | tanjoubi | birthday | noun | おたんじょうびおめでとう = happy birthday! |
| 10 | しゅうまつ(週末) | shuumatsu | weekend | noun | しゅう=week, まつ=end |
| 11 | やすみ(休み) | yasumi | holiday / day off | noun | おやすみ = also "goodnight"! |
| 12 | よてい(予定) | yotei | plan / schedule | noun | 〜するよていです = I plan to ~ |
| 13 | ことし(今年) | kotoshi | this year | noun | |
| 14 | らいねん(来年) | rainen | next year | noun | らいしゅう = next week |
| 15 | いつ | itsu | when | question | たんじょうびはいつ?= when is your birthday? |
| 16 | うまれます(生まれます) | umaremasu | to be born | verb | いつうまれましたか?= when were you born? |
| 17 | はじまります(始まります) | hajimarimasu | to begin / start | verb | godan verb |
| 18 | おわります(終わります) | owarimasu | to end / finish | verb | godan verb |
| 19 | たのしみにします | tanoshimi ni shimasu | to look forward to | verb | たのしみにしています = I'm looking forward to it |
| 20 | おぼえます(覚えます) | oboemasu | to memorise / remember | verb | ichidan — useful for memorising dates! |
🗓️ Extra — Days of the Month(ついたち〜さんじゅういちにち)
The first ten days of the month all have special irregular readings — these must be memorised. Days 11 onwards mostly follow a regular pattern (number + にち), but watch out for 14, 20 and 24.
Irregular reading — must be memorised
Regular reading (number + にち)
17日
じゅうしちにち
juushichi-nichi
21日
にじゅういちにち
nijuuichi-nichi
23日
にじゅうさんにち
nijuusan-nichi
26日
にじゅうろくにち
nijuuroku-nichi
27日
にじゅうしちにち
nijuushichi-nichi
28日
にじゅうはちにち
nijuuhachi-nichi
31日
さんじゅういちにち
sanjuuichi-nichi
Memory hook for the irregular dates: Days 1–10 are the hardest — they use old Japanese number words rather than the Chinese-derived numbers you already know. A useful trick: ついたち (1st) is completely unique; とおか (10th) sounds like とお (ten, old style); and はつか (20th) is the only other fully irregular one after 10. The three ⚠ dates after 10 — 14th, 24th (じゅうよっか / にじゅうよっか) — mirror the irregular reading of 4日 (よっか), so if you learn よっか you get all three for free.
📆 Extra — Days of the Week — ようび(曜日)
All seven days follow a regular pattern: element/concept + ようび. Each day is named after a celestial body or natural element — which makes them surprisingly easy to remember once you spot the pattern.
月
げつようび
getsu-youbi
Monday
🌙 moon
火
かようび
ka-youbi
Tuesday
🔥 fire
水
すいようび
sui-youbi
Wednesday
💧 water
木
もくようび
moku-youbi
Thursday
🌳 wood
金
きんようび
kin-youbi
Friday
✨ gold
土
どようび
do-youbi
Saturday
🌍 earth
日
にちようび
nichi-youbi
Sunday
☀️ sun
The five elements + sun + moon: Japanese days of the week follow the classical East Asian five-element system — fire (火), water (水), wood (木), gold/metal (金), earth (土) — plus the sun (日) and moon (月). This is the same system used in Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese calendars. Once you know the kanji, you will never forget the days: 金ようび (gold day) is Friday — perfect, since Friday is payday! Also note that 月 (moon/Monday) is the same kanji used in 〜がつ (month), and 日 (sun/Sunday) is the same kanji used in にち (day/date).
📅 Extra — Months of the Year — つき(月)
Months in Japanese are beautifully simple: just the number + がつ. No special names like "January" or "February" — just "1-month", "2-month" and so on. However, watch out for months 4, 7 and 9 which use irregular number readings.
Irregular number reading — watch out!
1月
いちがつ
ichi-gatsu
January
7月 ⚠
しちがつ
shichi-gatsu
July
8月
はちがつ
hachi-gatsu
August
9月 ⚠
くがつ
ku-gatsu
September
10月
じゅうがつ
juu-gatsu
October
11月
じゅういちがつ
juuichi-gatsu
November
12月
じゅうにがつ
juuni-gatsu
December
The three irregular months — and a helpful connection: Months 4, 7 and 9 use the same irregular number readings as hours on the clock: 4月 = しがつ (not よんがつ), 7月 = しちがつ (not なながつ), 9月 = くがつ (not きゅうがつ). If you have already learned the clock lesson, you already know these! The full date format in Japanese runs year → month → day → day-of-week, for example: にせんにじゅうごねん しちがつ じゅうごにち もくようび = Thursday, 15th July 2025. Note that Japanese puts the largest unit first — the opposite of British date order (day/month/year) but logical once you get used to it.