Counting Animals
🐾 Counting Animals — どうぶつをかぞえる
Japanese uses special counting words called じょすうし(助数詞)— counters depending on what you are counting. Animals have three main counters based on their size. This lesson covers all three, plus the tricky irregular readings for 〜ひき.
📐 The Three Animal Counters
〜ひき(〜匹)— Most Common
〜ひき / びき / ぴき
~hiki / biki / piki
Small to medium animals — cats, dogs, fish, insects, rabbits (sometimes)
ねこがさんびきいます。
There are three cats.
There are three cats.
〜とう(〜頭)
〜とう
~tou
Large animals — horses, cows, elephants, whales, bears
ぞうがにとういます。
There are two elephants.
There are two elephants.
〜わ(〜羽)
〜わ / ば / ぱ
~wa / ba / pa
Birds and rabbits (rabbits are counted with 羽 in traditional Japanese!)
とりがごわいます。
There are five birds.
There are five birds.
🔢 Counting 1–10 with Each Counter
Red = irregular reading — these must be memorised. 〜ひき has the most irregulars, so pay extra attention!
〜ひき(匹)— small animals
| 1 | いっぴき |
| 2 | にひき |
| 3 | さんびき |
| 4 | よんひき |
| 5 | ごひき |
| 6 | ろっぴき |
| 7 | ななひき |
| 8 | はっぴき |
| 9 | きゅうひき |
| 10 | じゅっぴき |
| ? | なんびき? |
〜とう(頭)— large animals
| 1 | いっとう |
| 2 | にとう |
| 3 | さんとう |
| 4 | よんとう |
| 5 | ごとう |
| 6 | ろくとう |
| 7 | ななとう |
| 8 | はっとう |
| 9 | きゅうとう |
| 10 | じゅっとう |
| ? | なんとう? |
〜わ(羽)— birds & rabbits
| 1 | いちわ |
| 2 | にわ |
| 3 | さんわ / さんば |
| 4 | よんわ |
| 5 | ごわ |
| 6 | ろくわ |
| 7 | ななわ |
| 8 | はちわ / はっぱ |
| 9 | きゅうわ |
| 10 | じゅっぱ |
| ? | なんわ? |
💬 Dialogues — かいわ
Six short conversations using animal counters in natural, everyday situations.
① At the Pet Shop — ペットショップで
A:
すみません、ねこはなんびきいますか?
Sumimasen, neko wa nanbiki imasu ka?
Excuse me, how many cats are there?
B:
いま、さんびきいます。
Ima, sanbiki imasu.
There are three at the moment.
A:
かわいいですね!
Kawaii desu ne!
They're so cute!
② At the Zoo — どうぶつえんで
A:
あのぞうはなんとういますか?
Ano zou wa nantou imasu ka?
How many elephants are there over there?
B:
にとういます。おやとこどもです。
Nitou imasu. Oya to kodomo desu.
There are two. A parent and a child.
A:
おおきいですね!
Ookii desu ne!
They're huge!
③ Fish Tank — すいそう
A:
すいそうにきんぎょがなんびきいますか?
Suisou ni kingyo ga nanbiki imasu ka?
How many goldfish are in the tank?
B:
ろっぴきいます。いろいろないろですよ。
Roppiki imasu. Iroiro na iro desu yo.
There are six. All different colours!
A:
きれいですね!
Kirei desu ne!
How beautiful!
④ Your Pets — あなたのペット
A:
ペットをかっていますか?
Petto wo katte imasu ka?
Do you have any pets?
B:
はい。ねこをにひきとうさぎをいちわかっています。
Hai. Neko wo nihiki to usagi wo ichiwa katte imasu.
Yes. I keep two cats and one rabbit.
A:
いいですね!なまえはありますか?
Ii desu ne! Namae wa arimasu ka?
How lovely! Do they have names?
⑤ Birds in the Park — こうえんのとり
A:
あのきにとりがなんわいますか?
Ano ki ni tori ga nanwa imasu ka?
How many birds are in that tree?
B:
かぞえてみます…ごわです!
Kazoete mimasu… gowa desu!
Let me count… five!
A:
きれいなこえですね。
Kirei na koe desu ne.
They have such beautiful calls, don't they.
⑥ On the Farm — のうじょうで
A:
こののうじょうにうしはなんとういますか?
Kono noujou ni ushi wa nantou imasu ka?
How many cows are on this farm?
B:
じゅっとういます。まいにちちちをとります。
Juttou imasu. Mainichi chichi wo torimasu.
There are ten. We take milk from them every day.
A:
おおいですね!
Ooi desu ne!
That's a lot!
📖 Vocabulary — ごい
20 key words for this topic — animals, counters, and the verbs you need to talk about them.
| # | Japanese | Romaji | English | Type | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ねこ(猫) | neko | cat | noun | counted with 〜ひき |
| 2 | いぬ(犬) | inu | dog | noun | counted with 〜ひき |
| 3 | とり(鳥) | tori | bird | noun | counted with 〜わ |
| 4 | さかな(魚) | sakana | fish | noun | counted with 〜ひき |
| 5 | うさぎ(兎) | usagi | rabbit | noun | traditionally counted with 〜わ! |
| 6 | ぞう(象) | zou | elephant | noun | counted with 〜とう |
| 7 | うま(馬) | uma | horse | noun | counted with 〜とう |
| 8 | うし(牛) | ushi | cow | noun | counted with 〜とう |
| 9 | きんぎょ(金魚) | kingyo | goldfish | noun | きん=gold, ぎょ=fish |
| 10 | ペット | petto | pet | noun | from English "pet" |
| 11 | どうぶつえん(動物園) | doubutsuen | zoo | noun | どうぶつ=animal, えん=garden |
| 12 | すいそう(水槽) | suisou | fish tank / aquarium | noun | すい=water, そう=tank |
| 13 | のうじょう(農場) | noujou | farm | noun | |
| 14 | 〜ひき(〜匹) | ~hiki | counter for small animals | counter | 1=いっぴき, 3=さんびき, 6=ろっぴき ⚠ |
| 15 | 〜とう(〜頭) | ~tou | counter for large animals | counter | fairly regular — 1=いっとう only oddity |
| 16 | 〜わ(〜羽) | ~wa | counter for birds (and rabbits!) | counter | 3=さんわ/さんば, 10=じゅっぱ ⚠ |
| 17 | います | imasu | to be / to exist (living things) | verb | use います for people & animals; あります for objects |
| 18 | かいます(飼います) | kaimasu | to keep / raise (a pet) | verb | ペットをかっています = I have a pet |
| 19 | かぞえます(数えます) | kazoemasu | to count | verb | ichidan verb: かぞえる |
| 20 | みます(見ます) | mimasu | to look at / watch | verb | どうぶつをみます = I look at animals |
⚠ います vs. あります — a vital distinction: When saying something exists or is somewhere, Japanese uses two different verbs. います (imasu) is used for living things — people, animals, insects. あります (arimasu) is used for inanimate objects and plants. So ねこがさんびきいます (there are three cats) but ほんがさんさつあります (there are three books). Getting this right sounds natural instantly. Bonus rabbit fact: うさぎ (rabbits) are traditionally counted with 〜わ (the bird counter) because in old Japan, rabbits were classified as birds to get around meat-eating restrictions during Buddhist periods — so うさぎをにわかっています is perfectly correct Japanese!