Discussing Issues
Japanese Basic Conversation 4
Chapter 11 ยท Discussing Issues: Agreeing, Disagreeing & Making Your Case
๐ฌ Discussing Issues โ ใใใ
In meetings, clubs and with friends you will need to say "I agree", "I'm not sure", or "I see it differently", and to do it without causing offence. This chapter teaches ใใใใใใพใใ ("maybe, perhaps"), ใใใฉ / ใใ ("but, though") and the polite ways Japanese speakers disagree. There is no romaji except in the vocabulary table. Each dialog is followed by a Words note with English meanings.
โ Agreeing โ ใใใใ
โก Disagreeing Politely โ ใฏใใใ
โข Not Sure โ ใใใใชใ
โฃ Making Your Case โ ใใใใ ใใ
โค Agreeing in Part โ ใใกใถ ใใใใ
โฅ Between Friends (casual) โ ใจใใ ใกใจ
๐ Key Phrases โ ใ ใใใช ใฒใใใใ
| English | Polite | Casual |
|---|---|---|
| I agree. | ใใใใใงใใ | ใใใใ! |
| I think so too. | ใใใใ ใใ ใใใใพใใ | ใใใใ ใใ ใใใใ |
| I see it a little differently. | ใกใใฃใจ ใกใใใจ ใใใใพใใ | ใกใใฃใจ ใกใใใใชใ |
| You may be right, butโฆ | ใใใใใใใพใใใใโฆ | ใใใใใใใชใใใฉใโฆ |
| I'm not sure. | ใใ ใใใใพใใใ | ใใ ใใใใชใใ |
| Let's think about it. | ใใใใใฆ ใฟใพใใใใ | ใใใใใฆ ใฟใใใ |
๐ค Three Verbs โ ใฉใใ
| Verb | Polite | Plain | ใชใ-form | ใฆ-form |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| to think (G2) | ใใใใใพใ | ใใใใใ | ใใใใใชใ | ใใใใใฆ |
| to be in trouble (G1) | ใใพใใพใ | ใใพใ | ใใพใใชใ | ใใพใฃใฆ |
| to agree (irregular ใใ-verb) | ใใใใใใพใ | ใใใใใใ | ใใใใใใชใ | ใใใใใใฆ |
๐งฐ Grammar Tools โ ใถใใฝใ
1. ใใใใใใพใใ: maybe
Plain form + ใใใใใพใใ says something is possible but not certain. With a noun or ใช-adjective, drop ใ : ใใใใฏ ใใใใใใใพใใ "it might be rain tomorrow"; ใใใฏ ใใใใคใใใใใพใใ "he may be kind". Verbs and ใ-adjectives keep their plain form: ใใใใใใใใใพใใ, ใใใใใใใใพใใ. The casual form is ใใใใใใชใ, often shortened to ใใใ.
| Kind | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| verb | ใใใใ ใใใชใใใใใใพใใใ | we may not have enough time |
| ใ-adjective | ใใฎ ใใฐใใฏ ใใใใใใใใพใใใ | that bag may be expensive |
| ใช-adjective / noun | ใใใใฏ ใฒใพใใใใใพใใใ | I might be free tomorrow |
| casual | ใใใใใใใ | I might be late |
2. ใใใฉ / ใใ: but, though
Both join two ideas with a contrast. ใใ is polite; ใใใฉ is casual and also a polite softener, because a sentence that ends in ใใฉ leaves room for the other person: ใใใจ ใใใใพใใใฉโฆ "I think it's good, but..." Use them to introduce your disagreement gently: ใใใใซ ใใใใใใงใใใใกใใฃใจ ใใใใใใจ ใใใใพใ.
| Level | Form | Example |
|---|---|---|
| polite | ใใงใใ / ใใพใใ | ใใใใงใใใใใ ใใฎใงใใ |
| everyday polite | ใใงใใใฉ | ใใใใงใใใฉใใใใพใใ |
| casual | ใใใฉ | ใใใใใฉใใใใ |
| trailing off | ใใใฉโฆ | ใกใใฃใจโฆใใใใใใใงใใใฉโฆใ |
3. Disagreeing politely
Japanese discussion usually softens a "no". A common order is: acknowledge (ใชใใปใฉ / ใใใใซ), soften (ใกใใฃใจโฆ), reason (ใใใใใใพใใ), suggest (ใใฏใฉใใงใใใใ).
| Too direct | Softer |
|---|---|
| ใกใใใพใใ That's wrong. | ใกใใฃใจ ใกใใใใใใใพใใใ |
| ใฏใใใใงใใ I oppose it. | ใใกใถ ใฏใใใใชใใงใใโฆใ |
| ใ ใใงใใ No good. | ใใใฏ ใกใใฃใจ ใใใใใใใใใใพใใใ |
๐ฐ Reading โ ใใฟใใฎ
Read the text with kanji (readings in brackets). If it's too hard, open the kana-only version below it. Then answer the true/false questions.
ไผ่ญฐ(ใใใ)ใง
ๅ ้ฑ(ใใใใ ใ)ใฎ ไผ่ญฐใงใ่ชฒ้ท(ใใกใใ)ใใๆฅๆ(ใใใใค)ใใ ๆฏๆ(ใพใใใ) ไนๆ(ใใ)ใซ ๅ จๅก(ใใใใ)ใง ้(ใใค)ใพใใพใใใใใจ ๆๆก(ใฆใใใ)ใใพใใใใใใใฏใใใใงใใใฉใ้ป่ป(ใงใใใ)ใ ใใ ๆ้(ใใใ)ใชใฎใงใ้ (ใใ)ใใ ไบบ(ใฒใจ)ใ ๅบ(ใง)ใใใใใใพใใใใจ ่จ(ใ)ใใพใใใ่ชฒ้ทใฏใใใใใซ ใใใงใใญใใจ ่จใฃใฆใๅฐ(ใใ)ใ ่(ใใใ)ใใพใใใใใใใใๅๅ(ใฉใใใใ)ใฎ ็ฐไธญ(ใใชใ)ใใใใๅๆ(ใใ ใใ)ใชใ ใฉใใงใใใใใใจ ่จใใพใใใใฟใใชใ ่ณๆ(ใใใใ)ใใฆใๅๆใซ ๆฑบ(ใ)ใพใใพใใใๆ่ฆ(ใใใ)ใ ใกใใ ใจใใฏใใฏใฃใใ ๅๅฏพ(ใฏใใใ)ใใใใใ็็ฑ(ใใใ)ใ ่ชฌๆ(ใใคใใ)ใใฆ ๅฅ(ในใค)ใฎ ๆก(ใใ)ใ ๅบใ ใปใใ ใใใจ ใใใใพใใใ
Show the kana-only version
ใใใใ ใใฎ ใใใใงใใใกใใใใใใใใคใใ ใพใใใ ใใใซ ใใใใใง ใใคใพใใพใใใใใจ ใฆใใใใใพใใใใใใใฏใใใใงใใใฉใใงใใใใ ใใ ใใใใชใฎใงใใใใใ ใฒใจใ ใงใใใใใใพใใใใจ ใใใพใใใใใกใใใฏใใใใใซ ใใใงใใญใใจ ใใฃใฆใใใใ ใใใใใพใใใใใใใใใฉใใใใใฎ ใใชใใใใใใใ ใใใชใ ใฉใใงใใใใใใจ ใใใพใใใใฟใใชใ ใใใใใใฆใใใ ใใใซ ใใพใใพใใใใใใใ ใกใใ ใจใใฏใใฏใฃใใ ใฏใใใใใใใใใใใใ ใใคใใใใฆ ในใคใฎ ใใใ ใ ใ ใปใใ ใใใจ ใใใใพใใใ
English: At last week's meeting, the section chief suggested "From next month let's all gather at 9 every morning." I said, "That's fine, but it's rush hour on the trains, so some people may be late." The chief said "That's true" and thought for a moment. Then my colleague Tanaka-san said, "How about 10 o'clock?" Everyone agreed and 10 o'clock was settled. I learned that when opinions differ, explaining your reason and offering another idea is better than opposing plainly.
Words: ใใกใใ section chief ยท ใฆใใใ proposal ยท ใฉใใใใ colleague ยท ใใคใใ explanation ยท ใใ proposal, idea
1. The chief proposed meeting at 9 every morning.
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True: ๆฏๆ ไนๆใซ.
2. The writer flatly said "No".
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False: they said it was fine but gave a reason with ใใใใใใพใใ.
3. A colleague suggested 10 o'clock.
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True: ๅๆใชใ ใฉใใงใใใใ.
4. They finally settled on 9 o'clock.
Show answer
False: 10 o'clock was settled.
๐ Vocabulary โ ใใ
20 key words for discussion. This table is the only place with romaji: use the Say it column.
| # | Japanese | Say it | English | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ใใใ (ๆ่ฆ) | iken | opinion | noun |
| 2 | ใใใใ (่ณๆ) | sansei | agreement | noun |
| 3 | ใฏใใใ (ๅๅฏพ) | hantai | opposition | noun |
| 4 | ใใใ ใ (ๅ้ก) | mondai | problem | noun |
| 5 | ใใใ (็็ฑ) | riyลซ | reason | noun |
| 6 | ใใใใ (่จ็ป) | keikaku | plan | noun |
| 7 | ใฆใใใ (ๆๆก) | teian | proposal | noun |
| 8 | ใใใ (ไผ่ญฐ) | kaigi | meeting | noun |
| 9 | ใฉใใใใ (ๅๅ) | dลryล | colleague | noun |
| 10 | ใปใใปใ (ๆนๆณ) | hลhล | method | noun |
| 11 | ใใใใใพใ (่ใใพใ) | kangaemasu | think | verb |
| 12 | ใใใใใใพใ (่ณๆใใพใ) | sansei shimasu | agree | verb |
| 13 | ใฏใใใใใพใ (ๅๅฏพใใพใ) | hantai shimasu | oppose | verb |
| 14 | ใใคใใใใพใ (่ชฌๆใใพใ) | setsumei shimasu | explain | verb |
| 15 | ใใพใใพใ (ๅฐใใพใ) | komarimasu | be in trouble | verb |
| 16 | ใใใใซ (็ขบใใซ) | tashika ni | indeed, certainly | phrase |
| 17 | ใใจใใฐ (ไพใใฐ) | tatoeba | for example | phrase |
| 18 | ใใใใใใพใใ | kamoshiremasen | maybe | phrase |
| 19 | ใตใใ (ไธๅฎ) | fuan | worry, unease | ใช-adj |
| 20 | ใใชใ (ๅใ) | onaji | same | ใช-adj |
โ๏ธ Try It Yourself โ ใใใใ ใ
Say each answer out loud first, then click to check.
1. Say "It might rain tomorrow."
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ใใใ ใใใ ใตใใใใใใพใใใ
2. Say "He may be at home" (ใใ, ใใ).
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ใใใฏ ใใใซ ใใใใใใใพใใใ
3. Politely disagree: "I see your point, but I think it's a bit difficult."
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ใใใใซ ใใใงใใใใกใใฃใจ ใใใใใใจ ใใใใพใใ
4. Make it casual: ใใใใใใใใใพใใ.
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ใใใใใใใ
5. Give two reasons for your view using ใพใ and ใคใใซ.
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Free answer. Example: ใใใใฏ ใตใใค ใใใพใใใพใใใใใใงใใใคใใซใใกใใใงใใ
6. A colleague says ใใใใใฆ ใใใพใ to your proposal. What might it really mean?
Show answer
Possibly a polite "no" or "not yet"; check gently whether they are really interested.