Looking Ahead
Japanese Basic Conversation 4
Chapter 12 ยท Looking Ahead: Plans, Goals & Where Next
๐ Looking Ahead โ ใใใใใ
The last chapter looks forward: what you plan to do, what you hope to achieve, and what worries you. You will meet a first look at the volitional form (ใ(ใ)ใใจ ใใใฃใฆใใพใ, "I'm thinking of doingโฆ"), revisit ใใคใใ ("I intend toโฆ"), and finish with a recap of the whole course. There is no romaji except in the vocabulary table. Each dialog is followed by a Words note with English meanings.
โ Plans for the Year โ ใใจใใฎ ใใใฒใใ
โก Career Dreams โ ใใใจใฎ ใใ
โข Worries โ ใตใใ
โฃ The Next Step โ ใคใใฎ ในใใใ
โค Making a Plan โ ใใใใ
โฅ Between Friends (casual) โ ใจใใ ใกใจ
๐ Key Phrases โ ใ ใใใช ใฒใใใใ
| English | Polite | Casual |
|---|---|---|
| What are you going to do? | ใฉใ ใใ ใคใใใงใใใ | ใฉใ ใใ ใคใใ? |
| I'm thinking of studying. | ในใใใใใใใใจ ใใใฃใฆใใพใใ | ในใใใใใใใใจ ใใใฃใฆใใ |
| My dream isโฆ | ใใใฏโฆใงใใ | ใใใฏโฆใ |
| I'll do my best. | ใใใฐใใพใใ | ใใใฐใ! |
| Good luck! | ใใใใใใฆ ใใพใใ | ใใใฐใฃใฆ! |
| Let's keep in touch. | ใพใ ใใใใใใพใใ | ใพใ ใใใใใใใญใ |
๐ค Three Verbs โ ใฉใใ
| Verb | Polite | Plain | ใชใ-form | ใฆ-form |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| to open (a shop) (G1) | ใฒใใใพใ | ใฒใใ | ใฒใใใชใ | ใฒใใใฆ |
| to advance (G1) | ใใใฟใพใ | ใใใ | ใใใพใชใ | ใใใใง |
| to support, cheer on (irregular ใใ-verb) | ใใใใใใพใ | ใใใใใใ | ใใใใใใชใ | ใใใใใใฆ |
๐งฐ Grammar Tools โ ใถใใฝใ
1. The volitional form: a first look
The volitional form means "let'sโฆ" or "I'llโฆ" and, with ใจ ใใใฃใฆใใพใ, "I'm thinking ofโฆ". It is made from the plain form:
| Group | Rule | Plain | Volitional |
|---|---|---|---|
| G1 | final ใ-sound โ ใ-sound + ใ | ใใ / ใใ / ใใ | ใใใ / ใใใ / ใใใ |
| G1 | ใ โ ใใ, ใค โ ใจใ, ใ โ ใใ | ใฏใชใ / ใพใค / ใใ | ใฏใชใใ / ใพใจใ / ใใใ |
| G2 | drop ใ, add ใใ | ใในใ / ใฟใ / ใใใ | ใในใใ / ใฟใใ / ใใใใ |
| Irregular | special forms | ใใ / ใใ | ใใใ / ใใใ |
The pattern volitional + ใจ ใใใฃใฆใใพใ says what you are currently thinking of doing: ใใใญใ ใใใใใใใใจ ใใใฃใฆใใพใ "I'm thinking of travelling next year". Without ใใใฃใฆใใพใ, ใ(ใ)ใ in casual speech is an invitation: ใใใ! "Let's go!"
2. ใใคใใ: intention
Plain verb + ใคใใใงใ states a firmer intention: ใซใปใใใ ในใใใใใใ ใคใใใงใ "I intend to study Japanese". The negative is ใใชใ ใคใใใงใ "I don't intend to". Compare how firm each is:
| Pattern | Strength | Example |
|---|---|---|
| ใ(ใ)ใใจ ใใใฃใฆใใพใ | thinking about it, still open | ใใใใใจ ใใใฃใฆใใพใใ |
| ใใคใใใงใ | decided intention | ใใใ ใคใใใงใใ |
| ใใใจใซ ใใพใใ | decision made (Japanese Basic Conversation 4 10) | ใใใ ใใจใซ ใใพใใใ |
| ใใใจใซ ใชใใพใใ | arranged by circumstances | ใใใ ใใจใซ ใชใใพใใใ |
3. Talking about goals and worries
Join your goals to the patterns you know: ใใใใใใ ใใใซใใพใใซใก ในใใใใใใ ใคใใใงใ (ใใใซ, Japanese Basic Conversation 4 1); ใใใใชใใใใซใใกใขใใพใ (ใใใซ, Japanese Basic Conversation 4 5); ใใฃใฑใใใใใใใใพใใใใใใฃใฆ ใฟใพใ (ใใใใใพใใ, Japanese Basic Conversation 4 11).
๐ฐ Reading โ ใใฟใใฎ
Read the text with kanji (readings in brackets). If it's too hard, open the kana-only version below it. Then answer the true/false questions.
ใใใใใฎ ๅคข(ใใ)
ๆฅๆฌ่ช(ใซใปใใ)ใ ๅๅผท(ในใใใใ)ใๅง(ใฏใ)ใใฆใไธๅนด(ใใใญใ)ใ ใใกใพใใใใฏใใใฏใใใใซใกใฏใใใ ่จ(ใ)ใใพใใใงใใใใไป(ใใพ)ใฏ ๅ้(ใจใใ ใก)ใจ ๆฅๆฌ่ชใง ่ฉฑ(ใฏใช)ใใพใใๆฅๅนด(ใใใญใ)ใฏใๆฅๆฌ่ช่ฝๅ่ฉฆ้จ(ใซใปใใใฎใใใใใใใ)ใฎ N2(ใจใใใผ)ใซ ๅๆ ผ(ใใใใ)ใใ ใคใใใงใใๆฏๆ(ใพใใใ) ไธๅๅ(ใใใใ ใฃใทใ) ๆฌ(ใปใ)ใ ่ชญ(ใ)ใใใจ ๆ(ใใ)ใฃใฆ ใใพใใใใคใ ๆฅๆฌใง ๅ(ใฏใใ)ใใใใงใใใไปไบ(ใใใจ)ใ ่ฆ(ใฟ)ใคใใใชใใใใใใชใใจ ๅฐ(ใใ)ใ ไธๅฎ(ใตใใ)ใงใใใงใใใงใใ ใใจใใ ๅง(ใฏใ)ใใใฐใใใฃใจ ๅคงไธๅคซ(ใ ใใใใใถ)ใ ใจ ๆใใพใใใใฎ ใณใผในใง ๅญฆ(ใพใช)ใใ ใใจใ ไฝฟ(ใคใ)ใฃใฆใใใใใใ ใใฎใใ ็ถ(ใคใฅ)ใใใใจ ๆใใพใใ
Show the kana-only version
ใซใปใใใ ในใใใใใใฏใใใฆใใใใญใใ ใใกใพใใใใฏใใใฏใใใใซใกใฏใใใ ใใใพใใใงใใใใใใพใฏ ใจใใ ใกใจ ใซใปใใใง ใฏใชใใพใใใใใญใใฏใใซใปใใใฎใใใใใใใใฎ ใจใใใผใซ ใใใใใใ ใคใใใงใใใพใใใ ใใใใ ใฃใทใ ใปใใ ใใใใจ ใใใฃใฆ ใใพใใใใคใ ใซใปใใง ใฏใใใใใใงใใใใใใจใ ใฟใคใใใชใใใใใใชใใจ ใใใ ใตใใใงใใใงใใใงใใ ใใจใใ ใฏใใใใฐใใใฃใจ ใ ใใใใใถใ ใจ ใใใใพใใใใฎ ใณใผในใง ใพใชใใ ใใจใ ใคใใฃใฆใใใใใใ ใใฎใใ ใคใฅใใใใจ ใใใใพใใ
English: Three years have passed since I began studying Japanese. At first I could only say "hello", but now I can talk with friends in Japanese. Next year I intend to pass level N2 of the Japanese-Language Proficiency Test. I'm thinking of reading a book for thirty minutes every morning. Someday I'd like to work in Japan, but I'm a little anxious that I might not find a job. But if I start with what I can do, I think it will surely be all right. Using what I learned in this course, I'm thinking of carrying on enjoyably from now on.
Words: ใใกใพใ pass (of time) ยท ใจใใใผ N2 (JLPT level) ยท ใพใชใณใพใ learn ยท ใใใใ from now on ยท ใใใฏใใใพใ begin to
1. The writer has studied Japanese for three years.
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True: ไธๅนดใ ใใกใพใใ.
2. The writer intends to pass an exam next year.
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True: ๆฅๅนดใฏโฆๅๆ ผใใ ใคใใใงใ.
3. They are certain they will find a job in Japan.
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False: they are a little anxious they might not (่ฆใคใใใชใใใใใใชใ).
4. They plan to read a book for 30 minutes every morning.
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True: ๆฏๆ ไธๅๅ ๆฌใ ่ชญใใใจ ๆใฃใฆ ใใพใ.
๐ Vocabulary โ ใใ
20 key words for plans and goals. This table is the only place with romaji: use the Say it column.
| # | Japanese | Say it | English | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ใใใใใ (ๅฐๆฅ) | shลrai | future | noun |
| 2 | ใฟใใ (ๆชๆฅ) | mirai | the future | noun |
| 3 | ใใใฒใใ (็ฎๆจ) | mokuhyล | goal | noun |
| 4 | ใใ (ๅคข) | yume | dream | noun |
| 5 | ใคใใ | tsumori | intention | noun |
| 6 | ใใใใ (่จ็ป) | keikaku | plan | noun |
| 7 | ใใใฑใ (ๅฟ้ ) | shinpai | worry | noun |
| 8 | ใใใใ (ๅฑฅๆญดๆธ) | rirekisho | CV, rรฉsumรฉ | noun |
| 9 | ใฒใใใพใ (้ใใพใ) | hirakimasu | open (a shop) | verb |
| 10 | ใใใฟใพใ (้ฒใฟใพใ) | susumimasu | advance | verb |
| 11 | ใใใใใใพใ (ๅฟๆดใใพใ) | ลen shimasu | support, cheer on | verb |
| 12 | ใฏใใใใพใ (ๅใใพใ) | hatarakimasu | work | verb |
| 13 | ใพใชใณใพใ (ๅญฆใณใพใ) | manabimasu | learn | verb |
| 14 | ใใ ใฃใฑใคใใพใ (ๅบ็บใใพใ) | shuppatsu shimasu | set off | verb |
| 15 | ใคใฅใใพใ (็ถใใพใ) | tsuzukemasu | continue | verb |
| 16 | ใใคใ | itsuka | someday | phrase |
| 17 | ใใฃใจ | kitto | surely | phrase |
| 18 | ใใใใ | korekara | from now on | phrase |
| 19 | ใตใใ (ไธๅฎ) | fuan | anxious | ใช-adj |
| 20 | ใใฎใใฟ (ๆฅฝใใฟ) | tanoshimi | looking forward to it | ใช-adj |
โ๏ธ Try It Yourself โ ใใใใ ใ
Say each answer out loud first, then click to check.
1. Say "I'm thinking of studying Japanese in Japan."
Show answer
ใซใปใใง ใซใปใใใ ในใใใใใใใใจ ใใใฃใฆใใพใใ
2. Make the volitional: ใในใ, ใฎใ, ใใ, ใใ.
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ใในใใ, ใฎใใ, ใใใ, ใใใ
3. Say "I intend to pass the exam."
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ใใใใซ ใใใใใใ ใคใใใงใใ
4. Say "I'm a little anxious that I might fail."
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ใใกใใใใใใชใใจ ใใใ ใตใใใงใใ
5. Invite a friend casually: "Let's go together!"
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ใใฃใใใซ ใใใ!
6. Tell, in three sentences, your goal for next year (use ใคใใ, ใใใใจ ใใใฃใฆใใพใ and ใใใซ).
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Free answer. Example: ใใใญใใใซใปใใธ ใใ ใคใใใงใใใพใใซใก ใซใปใใใ ใใใใจ ใใใฃใฆใใพใใใฏใชใ ใใใซใใใใฐใใพใใ
๐ Course Complete โ ใใใงใจใ๏ผ
You have finished Japanese Basic Conversation 4. In twelve chapters you moved from everyday needs to talking about health, cooking, driving, offices, learning, shopping, stories, culture, the environment, celebrations, opinions and the future. You also learned to read some kanji and to follow formal speech. Here is the whole journey.
| Chapter | Topic | You can nowโฆ |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Health & Fitness | Talk about exercise and diet with ใใชใใ, ใใใใซ and ใใใใ. |
| 2 | Cooking & Recipes | Follow a recipe with te-form chains, ใใฆใใ and ใใชใใง. |
| 3 | Driving & Cars | Understand road rules and signs with ใใฆใฏใใใพใใ and ใใชใใใฐใชใใพใใ. |
| 4 | Offices & Paperwork | Understand formal staff speech and read form fields in kanji. |
| 5 | Learning & Education | Talk about courses and exams with ใใใใซ and ใใใใจใใใ. |
| 6 | Online Shopping | Order, return and complain with ใใจ and ใใฆใใพใใพใใ. |
| 7 | Telling a Story | Tell anecdotes with ใใฆใใพใใ, ใใใ and story connectors. |
| 8 | Culture & Entertainment | Recommend and review with ใใใใงใ and ใใจ ใใใใพใ. |
| 9 | Nature & Environment | Sort rubbish and describe habits with ใใใใซ ใใฆ ใใพใ. |
| 10 | Relationships & Celebrations | Announce news and give gifts with ใใใจใซ ใใพใใ / ใชใใพใใ. |
| 11 | Discussing Issues | Agree and disagree politely with ใใใใใใพใใ and ใใใฉ. |
| 12 | Looking Ahead | Talk about plans and goals with the volitional form and ใใคใใ. |