Looking Ahead

Japanese Basic Conversation 4

Chapter 12 ยท Looking Ahead: Plans, Goals & Where Next

๐ŸŒ… Looking Ahead โ€” ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚‰ใ„

The last chapter looks forward: what you plan to do, what you hope to achieve, and what worries you. You will meet a first look at the volitional form (ใ€œ(ใ‚ˆ)ใ†ใจ ใŠใ‚‚ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™, "I'm thinking of doingโ€ฆ"), revisit ใ€œใคใ‚‚ใ‚Š ("I intend toโ€ฆ"), and finish with a recap of the whole course. There is no romaji except in the vocabulary table. Each dialog is followed by a Words note with English meanings.

โ‘  Plans for the Year โ€” ใ“ใจใ—ใฎ ใ‚‚ใใฒใ‚‡ใ†

A: What is your goal for this year?
B: I intend to pass the Japanese exam.
A: That's great. How will you study?
B: I'm thinking of reading for 30 minutes every morning.
A: Nice. I wonder if I should copy that.
B: Let's do our best together.
Words: ใ‚‚ใใฒใ‚‡ใ† goal ยท ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Š intention ยท ใ‚ˆใ‚‚ใ† volitional of ใ‚ˆใ‚€ (let's read) ยท ใ€œใ‚ˆใ†ใจ ใŠใ‚‚ใฃใฆ ใ„ใพใ™ I'm thinking of ยท ใพใญใ—ใพใ™ copy

โ‘ก Career Dreams โ€” ใ—ใ”ใจใฎ ใ‚†ใ‚

A: What kind of work do you want to do in the future?
B: I'm thinking of opening my own shop.
A: What kind of shop?
B: A small cafรฉ. I intend to serve good coffee.
A: When will you start?
B: I'd like to open within five years.
Words: ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚‰ใ„ future ยท ใ‚†ใ‚ dream ยท ใฒใ‚‰ใใพใ™ open (a shop) ยท ใ ใ—ใพใ™ serve; put out ยท ใ€œใ„ใชใ„ within

โ‘ข Worries โ€” ใตใ‚ใ‚“

A: Actually, I'm a little anxious about the future.
B: What worries you?
A: I might not find a job.
B: It'll be all right. Let's start with what you can do.
A: True. First I'll try writing a CV.
B: I'm rooting for you.
Words: ใฟใ‚‰ใ„ future ยท ใ—ใ‚“ใฑใ„ worry ยท ใฟใคใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ be found ยท ใ‚Œใใ—ใ‚‡ CV ยท ใŠใ†ใˆใ‚“ใ—ใพใ™ support, cheer on

โ‘ฃ The Next Step โ€” ใคใŽใฎ ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—

A: When this course ends, what will you do next?
B: I'm thinking of moving on to a harder class.
A: Is your dream to work in Japanese?
B: Yes. One day I'd like to work in Japan.
A: I'm sure you can.
B: Thank you. I'll do my best.
Words: ใ™ใ™ใฟใพใ™ advance ยท ใ„ใคใ‹ someday ยท ใใฃใจ surely ยท ใฏใŸใ‚‰ใใพใ™ work ยท ใ™ใ™ใ‚‚ใ† volitional of ใ™ใ™ใ‚€

โ‘ค Making a Plan โ€” ใ‘ใ„ใ‹ใ

A: What do you intend to do on your holiday next week?
B: Nothing in particular. I'm thinking of resting quietly.
A: Would you like to climb a mountain together?
B: Good. Then let's set off early in the morning.
A: I intend to make the lunch boxes.
B: I'm looking forward to it!
Words: ใจใใซ in particular ยท ใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Š at leisure ยท ใ‚„ใ™ใฟใพใ™ rest ยท ใ—ใ‚…ใฃใฑใคใ—ใพใ™ set off ยท ใŠในใ‚“ใจใ† lunch box

โ‘ฅ Between Friends (casual) โ€” ใจใ‚‚ใ ใกใจ

A: Is there anything you want to do next year?
B: Yeah, I'm thinking of travelling all around Japan.
A: Lucky you! I want to go too.
B: Then let's go together!
Words: ใ„ใฃใ—ใ‚…ใ†ใ—ใพใ™ travel all round ยท ใ„ใ„ใชใ‚ lucky (you) ยท ใ„ใ“ใ† let's go (volitional of ใ„ใ)

๐Ÿ”‘ Key Phrases โ€” ใ ใ„ใ˜ใช ใฒใ‚‡ใ†ใ’ใ‚“

EnglishPoliteCasual
What are you going to do?
I'm thinking of studying.
My dream isโ€ฆ
I'll do my best.
Good luck!
Let's keep in touch.

๐Ÿ”ค Three Verbs โ€” ใฉใ†ใ—

VerbPolitePlainใชใ„-formใฆ-form
to open (a shop) (G1)
to advance (G1)
to support, cheer on (irregular ใ™ใ‚‹-verb)

๐Ÿงฐ Grammar Tools โ€” ใถใ‚“ใฝใ†

1. The volitional form: a first look

The volitional form means "let'sโ€ฆ" or "I'llโ€ฆ" and, with ใจ ใŠใ‚‚ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™, "I'm thinking ofโ€ฆ". It is made from the plain form:

GroupRulePlainVolitional
G1final ใ†-sound โ†’ ใŠ-sound + ใ†
G1ใ™ โ†’ ใใ†, ใค โ†’ ใจใ†, ใ† โ†’ ใŠใ†
G2drop ใ‚‹, add ใ‚ˆใ†
Irregularspecial forms

The pattern volitional + ใจ ใŠใ‚‚ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ says what you are currently thinking of doing: "I'm thinking of travelling next year". Without ใŠใ‚‚ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™, ใ€œ(ใ‚ˆ)ใ† in casual speech is an invitation: "Let's go!"

2. ใ€œใคใ‚‚ใ‚Š: intention

Plain verb + ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ states a firmer intention: "I intend to study Japanese". The negative is "I don't intend to". Compare how firm each is:

PatternStrengthExample
ใ€œ(ใ‚ˆ)ใ†ใจ ใŠใ‚‚ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™thinking about it, still open
ใ€œใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™decided intention
ใ€œใ“ใจใซ ใ—ใพใ—ใŸdecision made (Japanese Basic Conversation 4 10)
ใ€œใ“ใจใซ ใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸarranged by circumstances

3. Talking about goals and worries

Join your goals to the patterns you know: (ใŸใ‚ใซ, Japanese Basic Conversation 4 1); (ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ, Japanese Basic Conversation 4 5); (ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“, Japanese Basic Conversation 4 11).

Watch out: ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Š is for your own intentions Use ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Š for yourself or to ask about the listener's plans (ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ‹). For another person's plans, say ใ€œใใ†ใงใ™ ("I hearโ€ฆ") or ask them; ใ€œใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใ ใใ†ใงใ™ reports someone else's intention. Never use ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Š about something that will happen without anyone choosing it.

๐Ÿ“ฐ Reading โ€” ใ‚ˆใฟใ‚‚ใฎ

Read the text with kanji (readings in brackets). If it's too hard, open the kana-only version below it. Then answer the true/false questions.

ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎ ๅคข(ใ‚†ใ‚)

Show the kana-only version

English: Three years have passed since I began studying Japanese. At first I could only say "hello", but now I can talk with friends in Japanese. Next year I intend to pass level N2 of the Japanese-Language Proficiency Test. I'm thinking of reading a book for thirty minutes every morning. Someday I'd like to work in Japan, but I'm a little anxious that I might not find a job. But if I start with what I can do, I think it will surely be all right. Using what I learned in this course, I'm thinking of carrying on enjoyably from now on.

Words: ใŸใกใพใ™ pass (of time) ยท ใ‚จใƒŒใƒ„ใƒผ N2 (JLPT level) ยท ใพใชใณใพใ™ learn ยท ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ from now on ยท ใ€œใ—ใฏใ˜ใ‚ใพใ™ begin to

1. The writer has studied Japanese for three years.

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True: ไธ‰ๅนดใŒ ใŸใกใพใ—ใŸ.

2. The writer intends to pass an exam next year.

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True: ๆฅๅนดใฏโ€ฆๅˆๆ ผใ™ใ‚‹ ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™.

3. They are certain they will find a job in Japan.

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False: they are a little anxious they might not (่ฆ‹ใคใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„).

4. They plan to read a book for 30 minutes every morning.

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True: ๆฏŽๆœ ไธ‰ๅๅˆ† ๆœฌใ‚’ ่ชญใ‚‚ใ†ใจ ๆ€ใฃใฆ ใ„ใพใ™.

๐Ÿ“– Vocabulary โ€” ใ”ใ„

20 key words for plans and goals. This table is the only place with romaji: use the Say it column.

#JapaneseSay itEnglishType
1shลraifuturenoun
2miraithe futurenoun
3mokuhyลgoalnoun
4yumedreamnoun
5tsumoriintentionnoun
6keikakuplannoun
7shinpaiworrynoun
8rirekishoCV, rรฉsumรฉnoun
9hirakimasuopen (a shop)verb
10susumimasuadvanceverb
11ลen shimasusupport, cheer onverb
12hatarakimasuworkverb
13manabimasulearnverb
14shuppatsu shimasuset offverb
15tsuzukemasucontinueverb
16itsukasomedayphrase
17kittosurelyphrase
18korekarafrom now onphrase
19fuananxiousใช-adj
20tanoshimilooking forward to itใช-adj
Real Japanese Tip โ€” New Year Resolutions In Japan, the new year is a traditional moment for setting goals (ใ“ใจใ—ใฎ ใ‚‚ใใฒใ‚‡ใ†), and many people write a resolution on New Year's Day or at a shrine visit. Asking ใ“ใจใ—ใฎ ใ‚‚ใใฒใ‚‡ใ†ใฏ? is a friendly conversation starter in January.
Real Japanese Tip โ€” Keep Going Small, regular practice beats occasional long sessions: 30 minutes a day (ใพใ„ใซใก 30ใทใ‚“) is a goal you can keep. Find a speaking partner, read short texts, and listen to Japanese you enjoy. Your next step is Japanese Intermediate 1.
Kanji Spotlight โ€” ๅบƒ and ๆœ ๅบƒ (hiroi, kou, wide) is a good word for the horizon of a future, and ๆœ (asa, chou, morning) is in ใพใ„ใ‚ใ•, the habit of every morning. Have a look: ๅบƒ โ–ธ ยท ๆœ โ–ธ

โœ๏ธ Try It Yourself โ€” ใ‚Œใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…ใ†

Say each answer out loud first, then click to check.

1. Say "I'm thinking of studying Japanese in Japan."

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2. Make the volitional: ใŸในใ‚‹, ใฎใ‚€, ใใ‚‹, ใ™ใ‚‹.

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3. Say "I intend to pass the exam."

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4. Say "I'm a little anxious that I might fail."

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5. Invite a friend casually: "Let's go together!"

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6. Tell, in three sentences, your goal for next year (use ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Š, ใ€œใ‚ˆใ†ใจ ใŠใ‚‚ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ and ใŸใ‚ใซ).

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Free answer. Example:

๐ŸŽ“ Course Complete โ€” ใŠใ‚ใงใจใ†๏ผ

You have finished Japanese Basic Conversation 4. In twelve chapters you moved from everyday needs to talking about health, cooking, driving, offices, learning, shopping, stories, culture, the environment, celebrations, opinions and the future. You also learned to read some kanji and to follow formal speech. Here is the whole journey.

ChapterTopicYou can nowโ€ฆ
1Health & FitnessTalk about exercise and diet with ใ€œใชใŒใ‚‰, ใ€œใŸใ‚ใซ and ใ€œใ™ใŽใ‚‹.
2Cooking & RecipesFollow a recipe with te-form chains, ใ€œใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ and ใ€œใชใ„ใง.
3Driving & CarsUnderstand road rules and signs with ใ€œใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ and ใ€œใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.
4Offices & PaperworkUnderstand formal staff speech and read form fields in kanji.
5Learning & EducationTalk about courses and exams with ใ€œใ‚ˆใ†ใซ and ใ€œใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹.
6Online ShoppingOrder, return and complain with ใ€œใจ and ใ€œใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ—ใŸ.
7Telling a StoryTell anecdotes with ใ€œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ, ใ€œใŸใ‚‰ and story connectors.
8Culture & EntertainmentRecommend and review with ใ€œใใ†ใงใ™ and ใ€œใจ ใŠใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™.
9Nature & EnvironmentSort rubbish and describe habits with ใ€œใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ใ—ใฆ ใ„ใพใ™.
10Relationships & CelebrationsAnnounce news and give gifts with ใ€œใ“ใจใซ ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ / ใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ.
11Discussing IssuesAgree and disagree politely with ใ€œใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ and ใ€œใ‘ใฉ.
12Looking AheadTalk about plans and goals with the volitional form and ใ€œใคใ‚‚ใ‚Š.
What Next? You have finished Japanese Basic Conversation 4, the last of the Basic Conversation courses. The next step is Japanese Intermediate 1, which builds on the plain forms, the te-form and the opinion patterns you now know, and introduces longer texts and more formal speech. The Japanese Grammar courses explain these same patterns in depth if you want to revisit any of them.