Your Life Story
Japanese Basic Conversation 3
Chapter 7 ยท Telling Your Story: Childhood, School & Life So Far
๐ Your Life Story โ ใใใใฎ ใใใใ
When you meet people in Japan, sooner or later you are asked where you come from, what you studied and how you came to learn Japanese. This chapter lets you tell that story. The grammar: the plain past (ใใ, ใใชใใฃใ) which you have already used to build other patterns, ใใจใ ("when...") and the two ways of giving a reason, ใใใ and ใใฎใง. Dialog lines have no romaji; a Hard words note gives readings.
โ Where You're From โ ใใ ใฃใใ
โก Childhood โ ใใฉใใฎ ใใ
โข School and University โ ใใฃใใ
โฃ Giving Reasons โ ใฉใใใฆ?
โค A Memory โ ใใใใง
โฅ Between Friends (casual) โ ใจใใ ใกใจ
๐ Key Phrases โ ใ ใใใช ใฒใใใใ
| English | Polite (ใงใ / ใพใ) | Casual (friends) |
|---|---|---|
| I was born in Edinburgh. | ใจใใฃใณใใฉใง ใใพใใพใใใ Edinbara de umaremashita. | ใจใใฃใณใใฉใง ใใพใใใ Edinbara de umareta. |
| When I was a child, I liked football. | ใใฉใใฎ ใใใใตใใซใผใ ใใใงใใใ Kodomo no koro, sakkฤ ga suki deshita. | ใใฉใใฎ ใใใใตใใซใผใ ใใใ ใฃใใ Kodomo no koro, sakkฤ ga suki datta. |
| I graduated ten years ago. | 10ใญใใพใใซ ใใคใใใใใพใใใ Jลซnen mae ni sotsugyล shimashita. | 10ใญใใพใใซ ใใคใใใใใใ Jลซnen mae ni sotsugyล shita. |
| Because it was fun, I kept going. | ใใฎใใใฃใใฎใงใใคใฅใใพใใใ Tanoshikatta node, tsuzukemashita. | ใใฎใใใฃใใใใใคใฅใใใ Tanoshikatta kara, tsuzuketa. |
| When I was 20, I started Japanese. | 20ใใใฎ ใจใใใซใปใใใ ใฏใใใพใใใ Nijussai no toki, nihongo o hajimemashita. | 20ใใใฎ ใจใใใซใปใใ ใฏใใใใ Nijussai no toki, nihongo hajimeta. |
| Why did you do it? | ใฉใใใฆ ใใพใใใใ Dลshite shimashita ka. | ใชใใง ใใ? Nande shita? |
๐ค Three Verbs โ ใฉใใ
| Verb | Polite | Plain | ใชใ-form | Plain past (ใ) | Plain negative past |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| to be born (ใใพใใ, G2) | ใใพใใพใ umaremasu | ใใพใใ umareru | ใใพใใชใ umarenai | ใใพใใ umareta | ใใพใใชใใฃใ umarenakatta |
| to grow up (ใใ ใค, G1) | ใใ ใกใพใ sodachimasu | ใใ ใค sodatsu | ใใ ใใชใ sodatanai | ใใ ใฃใ sodatta | ใใ ใใชใใฃใ sodatanakatta |
| to graduate (ใใคใใใใใ, G3) | ใใคใใใใใพใ sotsugyล shimasu | ใใคใใใใใ sotsugyล suru | ใใคใใใใใชใ sotsugyล shinai | ใใคใใใใใ sotsugyล shita | ใใคใใใใใชใใฃใ sotsugyล shinakatta |
๐งฐ Grammar Tools โ ใถใใฝใ
1. The plain past
The plain past is the casual way to say something happened, and it is also the form that goes inside longer sentences (ใใ ใจใ, ใใ ใปใใ ใใ, ใใ ใใจใ ใใ). You know the verb forms from Chapter 2 (ใใฃใ, ใใฃใ, ใในใ). Now add the negative and the other word types:
| Word type | Plain past | Plain negative past |
|---|---|---|
| verb | ใในใ / ใใฃใ / ใใ | ใในใชใใฃใ / ใใใชใใฃใ / ใใชใใฃใ (ใชใ-form: drop ใ, add ใใฃใ) |
| ใ-adjective | ใใใใใฃใ (drop ใ, add ใใฃใ) | ใใใใใชใใฃใ |
| ใ-adjective ใใ | ใใใฃใ (irregular) | ใใใชใใฃใ |
| ใช-adjective | ใใใใ ใฃใ | ใใใใใ ใชใใฃใ |
| noun | ใใใใใ ใฃใ | ใใใใใใ ใชใใฃใ |
Compare them with the polite past (Japanese Basic Conversation 2 9): ใในใพใใ / ใในใพใใใงใใ against ใในใ / ใในใชใใฃใ; ใใใใใฃใใงใ against ใใใใใฃใ; ใใใใใงใใ against ใใใใใ ใฃใ. Use the plain past with friends, and in the middle of longer sentences.
2. ใใจใ: "when..."
Put the time clause before ใจใ, then the main clause: ใใฉใใฎ ใจใใใตใใซใผใ ใใใงใใใ "When I was a child, I liked football." The word before ใจใ takes the plain form:
| Before ใจใ | Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| noun | noun + ใฎ + ใจใ | ใใใใใฎ ใจใ (when I was a student) |
| ใ-adjective | plain form + ใจใ | ใกใใใ ใจใ (when I was small) |
| ใช-adjective | ใช + ใจใ | ใฒใพใช ใจใ (when I'm free) |
| verb, not yet done | plain present + ใจใ | ใซใปใใธ ใใ ใจใ (when going to Japan) |
| verb, already done | plain past + ใจใ | ใซใปใใธ ใใฃใ ใจใ (when I went / got to Japan) |
The plain present means the action is still ahead or in progress ("when I'm going"); the past means it has been completed ("when I had gone"). ใใ is a looser "around the time": ใใฉใใฎ ใใ "in my childhood".
3. Giving reasons: ใใใ and ใใฎใง
Both mean "because" and both come after the reason, which is the opposite order from English: ใใใ ใตใฃใใฎใงใใใใพใใใงใใใ "Because it rained, I didn't go."
| Pattern | Before it | Example | Feel |
|---|---|---|---|
| ใใใ | polite or plain form | ใใฎใใใงใใใ / ใใฎใใใใ | direct; reason or excuse |
| ใใฎใง | plain form (ใช-adjective and noun: ใใช / ใใชใฎใง) | ใใฎใใใฃใใฎใง / ใใใใชใฎใง / ใใใชใฎใง | softer, more objective; good in business |
Use ใฉใใใฆ / ใชใ to ask "why" and answer with ใใใ or ใใฎใง: ใฉใใใฆ ใใใพใใใงใใใใโ ใคใใใใใใงใใ "Why didn't you go? โ Because I was tired."
๐ฐ Reading โ ใใฟใใฎ
A short text. Kanji appear with the reading in brackets. Read it, then answer the true/false questions below.
ใใใใฎ ใฏใชใ
ใใใใฏ ในใณใใใฉใณใใฎ ใจใใฃใณใใฉใง ใใพใใพใใใใใฉใใฎ ใใใใตใใซใผใ ใใใงใใพใใซใก ใจใใ ใกใจ ใใใณใพใใใๅคงๅญฆ(ใ ใใใ)ใง ใณใณใใฅใผใฟใผใ ในใใใใใใพใใใใซใปใใฎ ใขใใกใ ใใใ ใฃใใฎใงใ20ๆญณ(ใใ)ใฎ ใจใใซ ใซใปใใใ ใฏใใใพใใใใใใใใใฃใใงใใใใใฎใใใฃใใฎใงใ5ๅนด(ใญใ)ใคใฅใใพใใใใใพใITใฎ ไปไบ(ใใใจ)ใ ใใฆ ใใพใใใใคใใใซใปใใซ ใใฟใใใงใใ
I was born in Edinburgh, Scotland. As a child I loved football and played with friends every day. I studied computing at university. Because I liked Japanese anime, I began Japanese at the age of 20. It was hard, but it was fun, so I kept going for five years. Now I work in IT. Some day I'd like to live in Japan.
Words: ใใคใ itsuka (some day) ยท ใใฟใใ sumitai (want to live) ยท 5ๅนด gonen (five years)
1. The writer was born in Edinburgh.
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True: ใจใใฃใณใใฉใง ใใพใใพใใ.
2. The writer studied medicine at university.
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False: they studied computing (ใณใณใใฅใผใฟใผ).
3. The writer started Japanese because they liked anime.
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True: ใขใใกใ ใใใ ใฃใใฎใง.
4. The writer lives in Japan now.
Show answer
False: they work in IT and would like to live in Japan some day (ใใฟใใใงใ).
๐ Vocabulary โ ใใ
20 key words for telling your story. Common kanji appear in brackets.
| # | Japanese | Romaji | English | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ใใพใใพใ (็ใพใใพใ) | umaremasu | be born | verb |
| 2 | ใใ ใกใพใ (่ฒใกใพใ) | sodachimasu | grow up | verb |
| 3 | ใใคใใใใใพใ (ๅๆฅญใใพใ) | sotsugyล shimasu | graduate | verb |
| 4 | ใซใ ใใใใใพใ (ๅ ฅๅญฆใใพใ) | nyลซgaku shimasu | enter a school | verb |
| 5 | ใชใใใพใ (็ฟใใพใ) | naraimasu | learn, take lessons | verb |
| 6 | ใใใใใฃใใ (ๅฐๅญฆๆ ก) | shลgakkล | primary school | noun |
| 7 | ใกใ ใใใฃใใ (ไธญๅญฆๆ ก) | chลซgakkล | junior high school | noun |
| 8 | ใใใใ (้ซๆ ก) | kลkล | senior high school | noun |
| 9 | ใ ใใใ (ๅคงๅญฆ) | daigaku | university | noun |
| 10 | ใใฉใ (ๅญไพ) | kodomo | child | noun |
| 11 | ใใใ (้ ) | -koro | around the time of | noun |
| 12 | ใใจใ (ๆ) | -toki | when, at the time | noun |
| 13 | ใใใใ (ๅฐๆป) | senkล | major, specialism | noun |
| 14 | ใใใใง (ๆใๅบ) | omoide | memory | noun |
| 15 | ใตใใใจ (ๆ ้ท) | furusato | home town | noun |
| 16 | ใใใ (ๆญณ) | -sai | years old | counter |
| 17 | ใใ ใฃใใ (ๅบ่บซ) | shusshin | origin, where from | noun |
| 18 | ใใใใ (ไบบ็) | jinsei | life | noun |
| 19 | ใชใคใใใ (ๆใใใ) | natsukashii | nostalgic; fondly remembered | i-adj. |
| 20 | ใฉใใใฆ | dลshite | why | question |
โ๏ธ Try It Yourself โ ใใใใ ใ
Say each answer out loud first, then click to check.
1. Say "I was born in Manchester and grew up in Edinburgh."
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ใใณใใงในใฟใผใง ใใพใใฆใใจใใฃใณใใฉใง ใใ ใกใพใใใ
2. Give the plain past and plain negative past of ใฟใ, ใใ, ใใใใ, ใใใ.
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ใฟใใปใฟใชใใฃใ; ใใฃใใปใใใชใใฃใ; ใใใใใฃใใปใใใใใชใใฃใ; ใใใใ ใฃใใปใใใใใ ใชใใฃใ
3. Say "When I was a student, I studied every day."
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ใใใใใฎ ใจใใใพใใซใก ในใใใใใใพใใใ
4. Give a reason: "I didn't go because I was tired" (with ใฎใง).
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ใคใใใใฎใงใใใใพใใใงใใใ
5. Ask a friend casually "Why didn't you come?"
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ใชใใง ใใชใใฃใ?
6. Say "I liked anime, so I started Japanese" (with ใใ).
Show answer
ใขใใกใ ใใใ ใฃใใใใใซใปใใใ ใฏใใใพใใใ