At Work

Japanese Basic Conversation 3

Chapter 6 ยท At Work: Meetings, Emails & Colleagues

๐Ÿข At Work โ€” ใ‹ใ„ใ—ใ‚ƒใง

You have the job; now you have to work in it. This chapter covers the day-to-day language of a Japanese office: greeting colleagues, meetings, reporting to your boss, writing emails and leaving at the end of the day. The new grammar is ใ€œใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐ ใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ("must") and ใ€œใชใใฆใ‚‚ ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ ("need not"), both built on the ใชใ„-form. There are also the set phrases that every office worker uses (ใŠใคใ‹ใ‚Œใ•ใพใงใ™, ใŠใ•ใใซ ใ—ใคใ‚Œใ„ใ—ใพใ™, ใŠใ›ใ‚ใซ ใชใฃใฆใŠใ‚Šใพใ™) and the habit called ใปใ†ใ‚Œใ‚“ใใ†. Dialog lines have no romaji; a Hard words note gives readings.

โ‘  The First Day โ€” ใฏใ˜ใ‚ใฆใฎ ใ—ใ‚…ใฃใ—ใ‚ƒ

A: Good morning. I start working today. I'm Smith.
A: I look forward to working with you.
B: I'm Tanaka. I'm your senior, so ask me anything you don't understand.
A: Thank you.
B: First, you have to greet the department manager.
B: This way, please.
Hard words: ใ—ใ‚…ใฃใ—ใ‚ƒ shussha ("going to work") ยท ใ›ใ‚“ใฑใ„ senpai ("senior colleague") ยท ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ ใ“ใจ wakaranai koto ("things you don't understand") ยท ใชใ‚“ใงใ‚‚ nan demo ("anything") ยท ใถใกใ‚‡ใ† buchล ("department manager") ยท ใ‚ใ„ใ•ใค aisatsu ("greeting")

โ‘ก Before the Meeting โ€” ใ‹ใ„ใŽใฎ ใพใˆ

A: The meeting is from 3 o'clock.
B: I have to copy the materials, don't I?
A: Yes, ten copies, please.
B: Mr Smith, you don't have to speak at the meeting.
A: Understood. May I take notes?
B: Yes, please do.
Hard words: ใ‹ใ„ใŽ kaigi ("meeting") ยท ใ—ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ† shiryล ("materials, handout") ยท ใ‚ณใƒ”ใƒผ kopฤซ ("copy") ยท 10ใถ jลซ-bu ("ten copies") ยท ใƒกใƒขใ‚’ ใจใ‚‹ memo o toru ("take notes")

โ‘ข Reporting โ€” ใปใ†ใ“ใใƒปใ‚Œใ‚“ใ‚‰ใใƒปใใ†ใ ใ‚“

A: Section chief, do you have a moment?
B: Yes, what is it?
A: The customer's server isn't working. I thought I had to report it.
B: Thanks. Please contact the customer right away.
A: May I consult you on how to fix it?
B: Of course. Let's think about it together.
Hard words: ใ‹ใกใ‚‡ใ† kachล ("section chief") ยท ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ yoroshii desu ka ("is it all right?", polite) ยท ใ‚ตใƒผใƒใƒผ sฤbฤ ("server") ยท ใ†ใ”ใใพใ›ใ‚“ ugokimasen ("isn't working") ยท ใชใŠใ™ naosu ("fix") ยท ใใ†ใ ใ‚“ sลdan ("consultation")

โ‘ฃ Writing an Email โ€” ใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚’ ใ‹ใ

A: I have to send an email to the customer.
B: First, write a subject line.
A: The opening is "Thank you for your continued custom", isn't it?
B: Yes. The closing is "Yoroshiku onegai itashimasu".
A: Before I send it, could you please look at it?
B: Sure.
Hard words: ใŠใใ‚ƒใใ•ใพ o-kyaku-sama ("customer") ยท ใ‘ใ‚“ใ‚ใ„ kenmei ("subject line") ยท ใŠใ›ใ‚ใซ ใชใฃใฆใŠใ‚Šใพใ™ o-sewa ni natte orimasu ("thank you for your continued support") ยท ใฟใฆ ใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹ mite itadakemasen ka ("could you kindly look?")

โ‘ค Leaving Work โ€” ใŠใ•ใใซ

A: Good work today. Have you finished?
B: Yes. I don't have to work overtime today.
A: Then let's make tomorrow's materials tomorrow.
B: Yes. I'll leave before you.
A: Thank you for your work.
Hard words: ใŠใคใ‹ใ‚Œใ•ใพใงใ™ otsukaresama desu ("thank you for your work") ยท ใŠใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ owarimashita ("finished") ยท ใ–ใ‚“ใŽใ‚‡ใ† zangyล ("overtime") ยท ใŠใ•ใใซ ใ—ใคใ‚Œใ„ใ—ใพใ™ o-saki ni shitsurei shimasu ("excuse me for leaving first")

โ‘ฅ Between Colleagues (casual) โ€” ใฉใ†ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†ใจ

A: Want to go for lunch together?
B: Sorry, I've got to make the materials today.
A: I see. Will you be late?
B: No, it'll be done soon. Tomorrow I don't have to go.
Hard words: ใคใใ‚‰ใชใใ‚ƒ tsukuranakya (casual ใ€œใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐ ใชใ‚‰ใชใ„, "have to make") ยท ใใฃใ‹ sokka ("I see") ยท ใŠใใ ใชใ‚‹ osoku naru ("become late") ยท ใ„ใ‹ใชใใฆใ‚‚ ใ„ใ„ ikanakute mo ii ("don't have to go")

๐Ÿ”‘ Key Phrases โ€” ใ ใ„ใ˜ใช ใฒใ‚‡ใ†ใ’ใ‚“

EnglishPolite (ใงใ™ / ใพใ™)Casual (friends)
I have to report it.
Hลkoku shinakereba narimasen.

Hลkoku shinakya.
You don't have to come.
Konakute mo ii desu.

Konakute mo ii yo.
Thank you for your work.
Otsukaresama desu / deshita.

Otsukare!
I'll leave before you.
O-saki ni shitsurei shimasu.

O-saki ni!
Do you have a moment?
Ima yoroshii desu ka.

Ima ii?
May I consult you?
Sลdan shite mo ii desu ka.

Sลdan, ii?

๐Ÿ”ค Three Verbs โ€” ใฉใ†ใ—

Three work verbs, with the ใ€œใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐ ใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ form added in the last column.

VerbPolitePlainใชใ„-formใฆ-form"must"
to finish (ใŠใ‚ใ‚‹, G1)
owarimasu

owaru

owaranai

owatte

owaranakereba narimasen
to begin (ใฏใ˜ใ‚ใ‚‹, G2)
hajimemasu

hajimeru

hajimenai

hajimete

hajimenakereba narimasen
to gather (ใ‚ใคใพใ‚‹, G1)
atsumarimasu

atsumaru

atsumaranai

atsumatte

atsumaranakereba narimasen

๐Ÿงฐ Grammar Tools โ€” ใถใ‚“ใฝใ†

1. ใ€œใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐ ใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“: "must"

Take the ใชใ„-form (Chapter 1), drop the final ใ„ and add ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐ ใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“: "I must report." Literally "if I don't do it, it won't do". It expresses duty or necessity. The question form asks about an obligation: "What do I have to do?"

Plainใชใ„-formmust (ใ€œใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐ ใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“)

Other ways to say it: (a little more personal), , and in speech with friends the short or (often with the rest of the phrase dropped: ใ„ใ‹ใชใใ‚ƒ! "I've got to go!").

2. ใ€œใชใใฆใ‚‚ ใ„ใ„ใงใ™: "you don't have to"

Take the ใชใ„-form, drop ใ„ and add ใใฆใ‚‚ ใ„ใ„ใงใ™: "You don't have to work overtime." It is the "permission not to" version of ใ€œใฆใ‚‚ ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ (Chapter 4) and can also be asked: "Do I not have to attend the meeting?"

MeaningJapanese
must do
don't have to do
must not do (ใฆ-form + ใฏ ใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“; recognise)
may do (Chapter 4)
should do (Chapter 4)
Watch out: "must not" is not the same as "don't have to" ใ„ใ‹ใชใใฆใ‚‚ ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ = "you needn't go" (you may stay). ใ„ใฃใฆใฏ ใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ = "you must not go" (forbidden). The first grants freedom; the second forbids. In English "mustn't" and "needn't" are also different, so keep them apart in Japanese too.

3. Workplace set phrases

PhraseRomajiWhen
otsukaresama desugreeting a colleague during the day; thanks for their work
otsukaresama deshitasaid to someone leaving, or when work is done
o-saki ni shitsurei shimasuwhen you leave before others
o-sewa ni natte orimasustart of an email or phone call to a client or outsider
yoroshiku onegai itashimasuend of an email; "please take care of this"
ima yoroshii desu kaasking a superior for a moment of their time

ใ”ใใ‚ใ†ใ•ใพใงใ™ sounds similar but is used by a superior to someone below. To a boss or a client, use ใŠใคใ‹ใ‚Œใ•ใพใงใ™.

4. ใปใ†ใ‚Œใ‚“ใใ† and the email

ใปใ†ใ‚Œใ‚“ใใ† is a wordplay: the name of the vegetable spinach, and the first letters of three duties. A company expects it of every employee:

PartWordMeaning
ใปใ†report: tell your boss what has happened or how a job is going
ใ‚Œใ‚“inform: share facts early with those concerned
ใใ†consult: ask before you decide when unsure

A business email has a fixed shape, shown in a very short example:

Subject: Contact (Smith) ยท To Mr/Ms Tanaka of ABC Company ยท Thank you for your continued custom. This is Smith from IT support. I am writing about the server... ยท Yours sincerely ยท Smith

๐Ÿ“ฐ Reading โ€” ใ‚ˆใฟใ‚‚ใฎ

A short text. Kanji appear with the reading in brackets. Read it, then answer the true/false questions below.

ใ‹ใ„ใ—ใ‚ƒใฎ ไธ€ๆ—ฅ(ใ„ใกใซใก)

I arrive at the company at 9 in the morning. I greet my senior with "Otsukaresama desu". There's a meeting from 10. Before the meeting I have to copy the handouts. At noon I eat with my colleagues. In the afternoon I write emails to customers. I have to write "O-sewa ni natte orimasu" at the start of emails. I don't have to work overtime. At 6 I say "O-saki ni shitsurei shimasu" and go home.

Words: ใคใใพใ™ tsukimasu (arrive) ยท ใฒใ‚‹ hiru (noon, lunch) ยท ใ”ใ” gogo (afternoon) ยท ใ‹ใˆใ‚Šใพใ™ kaerimasu (go home)

1. The writer arrives at the company at 9 o'clock.

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True: ๆœ9ๆ™‚ใซ ใ‹ใ„ใ—ใ‚ƒใซ ใคใใพใ™.

2. The meeting starts at 9 o'clock.

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False: the meeting is from 10 o'clock.

3. The writer has to start emails with ใŠใ›ใ‚ใซ ใชใฃใฆใŠใ‚Šใพใ™.

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True: ใฏใ˜ใ‚ใซ ใ€ŒใŠใ›ใ‚ใซ ใชใฃใฆใŠใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใจ ใ‹ใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐ ใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.

4. The writer must work overtime every day.

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False: ใ–ใ‚“ใŽใ‚‡ใ†ใฏ ใ—ใชใใฆใ‚‚ ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ (overtime is not required).

๐Ÿ“– Vocabulary โ€” ใ”ใ„

20 key words for the workplace. Common kanji appear in brackets.

#JapaneseRomajiEnglishType
1kaigimeetingnoun
2shiryลmaterials, documentsnoun
3mฤ“ruemailnoun
4hลkokureportnoun
5renrakucontact, notificationnoun
6sลdanconsultationnoun
7senpaisenior colleaguenoun
8kลhaijunior colleaguenoun
9dลryลcolleaguenoun
10buchลdepartment managernoun
11kachลsection chiefnoun
12shimekirideadlinenoun
13kenmeisubject linenoun
14otsukaresama desuthank you for your workphrase
15o-saki ni shitsurei shimasuexcuse me for leaving firstphrase
16owarimasufinish, endverb
17hajimemasubegin, startverb
18atsumarimasugatherverb
19tsutaemasuconvey, pass onverb
20teishutsu shimasusubmit, hand inverb
Real Japanese Tip โ€” Senpai, Kลhai and Titles In a Japanese office rank matters. A colleague who joined before you is your ใ›ใ‚“ใฑใ„; one who joined after you is your ใ“ใ†ใฏใ„. People are usually called by surname + ใ•ใ‚“, or by surname + title for managers (ใŸใชใ‹ใถใกใ‚‡ใ†, "Department Manager Tanaka"). Do not use ใ•ใ‚“ after your own name, and do not use first names unless invited.
Real Japanese Tip โ€” The Working Day The working day varies by company. Overtime (ใ–ใ‚“ใŽใ‚‡ใ†) is common in some firms and discouraged in others, and a colleague saying ใŠใ•ใใซ ใ—ใคใ‚Œใ„ใ—ใพใ™ is normal and not rude. Some offices hold a short morning meeting (ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚Œใ„). Many business cards (ใ‚ใ„ใ—) are exchanged with both hands and a small bow. Do keep a spare supply with you.
Kanji Spotlight โ€” ๆœ and ๅ‰ ๆœ (asa, chล, morning) is in ๆœ็คผ (chลrei, the morning meeting). ๅ‰ (mae, zen, before, front) is in ๅˆๅ‰ (gozen, a.m.) and ใ€œใพใˆใซ (Chapter 4). Have a look: ๆœ โ–ธ ยท ๅ‰ โ–ธ

โœ๏ธ Try It Yourself โ€” ใ‚Œใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…ใ†

Say each answer out loud first, then click to check.

1. Say "I have to send an email to the customer."

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2. Say "You don't have to come tomorrow."

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3. Make the "must" form of: ใฎใ‚€, ใฟใ‚‹, ใใ‚‹.

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4. Say what you say when leaving the office before others, and what they reply.

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5. Ask the section chief politely whether you may consult them now.

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6. Tell a friend casually that you've got to hurry.

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(from ใ„ใใŒใชใ„ โ†’ ใ„ใใŒใชใใ‚ƒ)