At Work
Japanese Basic Conversation 3
Chapter 6 ยท At Work: Meetings, Emails & Colleagues
๐ข At Work โ ใใใใใง
You have the job; now you have to work in it. This chapter covers the day-to-day language of a Japanese office: greeting colleagues, meetings, reporting to your boss, writing emails and leaving at the end of the day. The new grammar is ใใชใใใฐ ใชใใพใใ ("must") and ใใชใใฆใ ใใใงใ ("need not"), both built on the ใชใ-form. There are also the set phrases that every office worker uses (ใใคใใใใพใงใ, ใใใใซ ใใคใใใใพใ, ใใใใซ ใชใฃใฆใใใพใ) and the habit called ใปใใใใใ. Dialog lines have no romaji; a Hard words note gives readings.
โ The First Day โ ใฏใใใฆใฎ ใใ ใฃใใ
โก Before the Meeting โ ใใใใฎ ใพใ
โข Reporting โ ใปใใใใปใใใใใปใใใ ใ
โฃ Writing an Email โ ใกใผใซใ ใใ
โค Leaving Work โ ใใใใซ
โฅ Between Colleagues (casual) โ ใฉใใใใใจ
๐ Key Phrases โ ใ ใใใช ใฒใใใใ
| English | Polite (ใงใ / ใพใ) | Casual (friends) |
|---|---|---|
| I have to report it. | ใปใใใใใชใใใฐ ใชใใพใใใ Hลkoku shinakereba narimasen. | ใปใใใใใชใใใ Hลkoku shinakya. |
| You don't have to come. | ใใชใใฆใ ใใใงใใ Konakute mo ii desu. | ใใชใใฆใ ใใใใ Konakute mo ii yo. |
| Thank you for your work. | ใใคใใใใพใงใ / ใงใใใ Otsukaresama desu / deshita. | ใใคใใ! Otsukare! |
| I'll leave before you. | ใใใใซ ใใคใใใใพใใ O-saki ni shitsurei shimasu. | ใใใใซ! O-saki ni! |
| Do you have a moment? | ใใพ ใใใใใงใใใ Ima yoroshii desu ka. | ใใพ ใใ? Ima ii? |
| May I consult you? | ใใใ ใใใฆใ ใใใงใใใ Sลdan shite mo ii desu ka. | ใใใ ใใใใ? Sลdan, ii? |
๐ค Three Verbs โ ใฉใใ
Three work verbs, with the ใใชใใใฐ ใชใใพใใ form added in the last column.
| Verb | Polite | Plain | ใชใ-form | ใฆ-form | "must" |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| to finish (ใใใ, G1) | ใใใใพใ owarimasu | ใใใ owaru | ใใใใชใ owaranai | ใใใฃใฆ owatte | ใใใใชใใใฐ ใชใใพใใ owaranakereba narimasen |
| to begin (ใฏใใใ, G2) | ใฏใใใพใ hajimemasu | ใฏใใใ hajimeru | ใฏใใใชใ hajimenai | ใฏใใใฆ hajimete | ใฏใใใชใใใฐ ใชใใพใใ hajimenakereba narimasen |
| to gather (ใใคใพใ, G1) | ใใคใพใใพใ atsumarimasu | ใใคใพใ atsumaru | ใใคใพใใชใ atsumaranai | ใใคใพใฃใฆ atsumatte | ใใคใพใใชใใใฐ ใชใใพใใ atsumaranakereba narimasen |
๐งฐ Grammar Tools โ ใถใใฝใ
1. ใใชใใใฐ ใชใใพใใ: "must"
Take the ใชใ-form (Chapter 1), drop the final ใ and add ใใใฐ ใชใใพใใ: ใปใใใใใชใ โ ใปใใใใใชใใใฐ ใชใใพใใใ "I must report." Literally "if I don't do it, it won't do". It expresses duty or necessity. The question form asks about an obligation: ใชใซใ ใใชใใใฐ ใชใใพใใใใ "What do I have to do?"
| Plain | ใชใ-form | must (ใใชใใใฐ ใชใใพใใ) |
|---|---|---|
| ใใ | ใใใชใ | ใใใชใใใฐ ใชใใพใใ |
| ใใ | ใใใชใ | ใใใชใใใฐ ใชใใพใใ |
| ใในใ | ใในใชใ | ใในใชใใใฐ ใชใใพใใ |
| ใใ | ใใชใ | ใใชใใใฐ ใชใใพใใ |
| ใใ | ใใชใ | ใใชใใใฐ ใชใใพใใ |
Other ways to say it: ใใชใใฆใฏ ใใใพใใ (a little more personal), ใใชใใใฐ ใใใพใใ, and in speech with friends the short ใใชใใ or ใใชใใกใ (often with the rest of the phrase dropped: ใใใชใใ! "I've got to go!").
2. ใใชใใฆใ ใใใงใ: "you don't have to"
Take the ใชใ-form, drop ใ and add ใใฆใ ใใใงใ: ใใใใใใ ใใชใใฆใ ใใใงใใ "You don't have to work overtime." It is the "permission not to" version of ใใฆใ ใใใงใ (Chapter 4) and can also be asked: ใใใใซ ใงใชใใฆใ ใใใงใใใ "Do I not have to attend the meeting?"
| Meaning | Japanese |
|---|---|
| must do | ใใใชใใใฐ ใชใใพใใใ |
| don't have to do | ใใใชใใฆใ ใใใงใใ |
| must not do | ใใฃใฆใฏ ใใใพใใใ (ใฆ-form + ใฏ ใใใพใใ; recognise) |
| may do | ใใฃใฆใ ใใใงใใ (Chapter 4) |
| should do | ใใฃใ ใปใใ ใใใงใใ (Chapter 4) |
3. Workplace set phrases
| Phrase | Romaji | When |
|---|---|---|
| ใใคใใใใพใงใ | otsukaresama desu | greeting a colleague during the day; thanks for their work |
| ใใคใใใใพใงใใ | otsukaresama deshita | said to someone leaving, or when work is done |
| ใใใใซ ใใคใใใใพใ | o-saki ni shitsurei shimasu | when you leave before others |
| ใใใใซ ใชใฃใฆใใใพใ | o-sewa ni natte orimasu | start of an email or phone call to a client or outsider |
| ใใใใ ใใญใใใใใใพใ | yoroshiku onegai itashimasu | end of an email; "please take care of this" |
| ใใพ ใใใใใงใใ | ima yoroshii desu ka | asking a superior for a moment of their time |
ใใใใใใพใงใ sounds similar but is used by a superior to someone below. To a boss or a client, use ใใคใใใใพใงใ.
4. ใปใใใใใ and the email
ใปใใใใใ is a wordplay: the name of the vegetable spinach, and the first letters of three duties. A company expects it of every employee:
| Part | Word | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ใปใ | ใปใใใ (ๅ ฑๅ) | report: tell your boss what has happened or how a job is going |
| ใใ | ใใใใ (้ฃ็ตก) | inform: share facts early with those concerned |
| ใใ | ใใใ ใ (็ธ่ซ) | consult: ask before you decide when unsure |
A business email has a fixed shape, shown in a very short example:
ใใใใ: ใใใใใ(ในใใน)
ABCใใใใ ็ฐไธญ(ใใชใ)ใใพ
ใใใใซ ใชใฃใฆใใใพใใITใตใใผใใฎ ในใในใงใใ
ใตใผใใผใฎ ใใจใง ใใใใใ ใใใใพใใโฆ
ใใใใ ใใญใใใใใใพใใ
ในใใน
Subject: Contact (Smith) ยท To Mr/Ms Tanaka of ABC Company ยท Thank you for your continued custom. This is Smith from IT support. I am writing about the server... ยท Yours sincerely ยท Smith
๐ฐ Reading โ ใใฟใใฎ
A short text. Kanji appear with the reading in brackets. Read it, then answer the true/false questions below.
ใใใใใฎ ไธๆฅ(ใใกใซใก)
ๆ(ใใ)9ๆ(ใ)ใซ ใใใใใซ ใคใใพใใใใใฑใใซ ใใใคใใใใพใงใใใจ ใใใใคใใพใใ10ๆ(ใ)ใใ ใใใใ ใใใพใใใใใใฎ ใพใใซใใใใใใ ใณใใผใใชใใใฐ ใชใใพใใใใฒใใฏ ใฉใใใใใจ ใใฃใใใซ ใในใพใใใใใฏ ใใใใใใพใซ ใกใผใซใ ใใใพใใใกใผใซใฎ ใฏใใใซ ใใใใใซ ใชใฃใฆใใใพใใใจ ใใใชใใใฐ ใชใใพใใใใใใใใใฏ ใใชใใฆใ ใใใงใใ6ๆ(ใ)ใซ ใใใใใซ ใใคใใใใพใใใจ ใใฃใฆใใใกใธ ใใใใพใใ
I arrive at the company at 9 in the morning. I greet my senior with "Otsukaresama desu". There's a meeting from 10. Before the meeting I have to copy the handouts. At noon I eat with my colleagues. In the afternoon I write emails to customers. I have to write "O-sewa ni natte orimasu" at the start of emails. I don't have to work overtime. At 6 I say "O-saki ni shitsurei shimasu" and go home.
Words: ใคใใพใ tsukimasu (arrive) ยท ใฒใ hiru (noon, lunch) ยท ใใ gogo (afternoon) ยท ใใใใพใ kaerimasu (go home)
1. The writer arrives at the company at 9 o'clock.
Show answer
True: ๆ9ๆใซ ใใใใใซ ใคใใพใ.
2. The meeting starts at 9 o'clock.
Show answer
False: the meeting is from 10 o'clock.
3. The writer has to start emails with ใใใใซ ใชใฃใฆใใใพใ.
Show answer
True: ใฏใใใซ ใใใใใซ ใชใฃใฆใใใพใใใจ ใใใชใใใฐ ใชใใพใใ.
4. The writer must work overtime every day.
Show answer
False: ใใใใใใฏ ใใชใใฆใ ใใใงใ (overtime is not required).
๐ Vocabulary โ ใใ
20 key words for the workplace. Common kanji appear in brackets.
| # | Japanese | Romaji | English | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ใใใ (ไผ่ญฐ) | kaigi | meeting | noun |
| 2 | ใใใใ (่ณๆ) | shiryล | materials, documents | noun |
| 3 | ใกใผใซ | mฤru | noun | |
| 4 | ใปใใใ (ๅ ฑๅ) | hลkoku | report | noun |
| 5 | ใใใใ (้ฃ็ตก) | renraku | contact, notification | noun |
| 6 | ใใใ ใ (็ธ่ซ) | sลdan | consultation | noun |
| 7 | ใใใฑใ (ๅ ่ผฉ) | senpai | senior colleague | noun |
| 8 | ใใใฏใ (ๅพ่ผฉ) | kลhai | junior colleague | noun |
| 9 | ใฉใใใใ (ๅๅ) | dลryล | colleague | noun |
| 10 | ใถใกใใ (้จ้ท) | buchล | department manager | noun |
| 11 | ใใกใใ (่ชฒ้ท) | kachล | section chief | noun |
| 12 | ใใใใ (็ท ใๅใ) | shimekiri | deadline | noun |
| 13 | ใใใใ (ไปถๅ) | kenmei | subject line | noun |
| 14 | ใใคใใใใพใงใ | otsukaresama desu | thank you for your work | phrase |
| 15 | ใใใใซ ใใคใใใใพใ | o-saki ni shitsurei shimasu | excuse me for leaving first | phrase |
| 16 | ใใใใพใ (็ตใใใพใ) | owarimasu | finish, end | verb |
| 17 | ใฏใใใพใ (ๅงใใพใ) | hajimemasu | begin, start | verb |
| 18 | ใใคใพใใพใ (้ใพใใพใ) | atsumarimasu | gather | verb |
| 19 | ใคใใใพใ (ไผใใพใ) | tsutaemasu | convey, pass on | verb |
| 20 | ใฆใใใ ใคใใพใ (ๆๅบใใพใ) | teishutsu shimasu | submit, hand in | verb |
โ๏ธ Try It Yourself โ ใใใใ ใ
Say each answer out loud first, then click to check.
1. Say "I have to send an email to the customer."
Show answer
ใใใใใใพใซ ใกใผใซใ ใใใใชใใใฐ ใชใใพใใใ
2. Say "You don't have to come tomorrow."
Show answer
ใใใ ใใชใใฆใ ใใใงใใ
3. Make the "must" form of: ใฎใ, ใฟใ, ใใ.
Show answer
ใฎใพใชใใใฐ ใชใใพใใ; ใฟใชใใใฐ ใชใใพใใ; ใใชใใใฐ ใชใใพใใ
4. Say what you say when leaving the office before others, and what they reply.
Show answer
ใใใใซ ใใคใใใใพใใโ ใใคใใใใพใงใใใ
5. Ask the section chief politely whether you may consult them now.
Show answer
ใใกใใใใใพ ใใใใใงใใใใใใ ใใใฆใ ใใใงใใใ
6. Tell a friend casually that you've got to hurry.
Show answer
ใใใใชใใ! (from ใใใใชใ โ ใใใใชใใ)