Plans & Invitations
Japanese Basic Conversation 2
Chapter 3 ยท Making Plans & Invitations
๐ Making Plans & Invitations โ ใใฆใใจ ใใใ
Now that you can talk about your routine and your hobbies, you can invite someone to share them. This chapter gives you the three tools for making plans: ใใพใใใ (the polite invitation), ใใพใใใ ("let's") and ใใใใงใ ("I want to"). It also teaches the days of the week and, just as important, how to say no politely. In Japanese a good refusal is a skill in itself.
โ An Invitation โ ใใใ
โก Saying No Politely โ ใใจใใ
โข What Do You Want to Do? โ ใใใใใจ
โฃ Fixing a Time and Place โ ใใใใจ ใฐใใ
โค The Weekend โ ใใ ใใพใค
โฅ Between Friends (casual) โ ใจใใ ใกใจ
๐ Key Phrases โ ใ ใใใช ใฒใใใใ
| English | Polite (ใงใ / ใพใ) | Casual (friends) |
|---|---|---|
| Would you like to ... with me? | ใใฃใใใซ ใใพใใใใ Issho ni ... masen ka. | ใใฃใใใซ ใใชใ? Issho ni ... nai? |
| Let's ... | ใใพใใใใ ... mashล. | ใใใใ / ใใใใ ... yล / ... ล. |
| I want to ... | ใใใใงใใ ... tai desu. | ใใใใ ... tai. |
| Sounds good! | ใใใงใใญใ Ii desu ne. | ใใใญ! Ii ne! |
| I'm sorry, that's a bit difficultโฆ | ใใใใชใใใใกใใฃใจโฆใ Gomen nasai, chottoโฆ | ใใใใใกใใฃใจโฆใ Gomen, chottoโฆ |
| How about ...? | ใใฏ ใฉใใงใใใ ... wa dล desu ka. | ใใฏ ใฉใ? ... wa dล? |
๐ค Three Verbs โ ใฉใใ
Verbs for going out. The plain form is for recognition for now.
| Verb | Polite (present) | Negative | Plain (dictionary) |
|---|---|---|---|
| to meet (ใใ) | ใใใพใ aimasu | ใใใพใใ aimasen | ใใ au |
| to see; to watch (ใฟใ) | ใฟใพใ mimasu | ใฟใพใใ mimasen | ใฟใ miru |
| to buy (ใใ) | ใใใพใ kaimasu | ใใใพใใ kaimasen | ใใ kau |
๐งฐ Grammar Tools โ ใถใใฝใ
1. ใใพใใใ: the polite invitation
To invite someone, put the negative question form on the verb: ใใฃใใใซ ใใใใ ใฟใพใใใใ Literally "won't you watch a film with me?", which is softer than a plain question because it lets the other person refuse easily. The usual positive answers are ใใใงใใญ ("sounds good"), ใฏใใใใฒ ("yes, by all means") and ใฏใใใฟใพใใใ.
2. ใใพใใใ: let's
Replace ใใพใ with ใใพใใใ to say "let's ...": ใใใง ใใใพใใใใ Add ใ to make an offer or ask for a decision: ใฉใใธ ใใใพใใใใใ "Where shall we go?"
| You want to ... | Use | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Invite someone, leaving them room to refuse | ใใพใใใ | ใณใณใตใผใใธ ใใใพใใใใ |
| Agree, or suggest something you both know about | ใใพใใใ | ใใใพใใใใ |
| Ask what to do together | ใใพใใใใ | ใชใใใซ ใใใพใใใใใ |
3. ใใใใงใ: I want to
Take the verb in the ใพใ-form, remove ใพใ, and add ใใใงใ: ใใใพใ โ ใใใใใงใ, ใในใพใ โ ใในใใใงใ, ใฟใพใ โ ใฟใใใงใ. The thing you want to do keeps its ใ: ใฉใผใกใณใ ใในใใใงใใ
4. ใธ: going somewhere
The particle ใธ (written he but pronounced e) marks a destination with verbs of movement: ใใใใจใธ ใใใพใใ You can use ใซ instead: ใใใใจใซ ใใใพใใ Where the action happens takes ใง (Chapter 1): ใใใง ใใใพใใ
5. The days of the week
| Day | Japanese | Kanji | Element |
|---|---|---|---|
| Monday | ใใคใใใณ getsuyลbi | ๆๆๆฅ | moon |
| Tuesday | ใใใใณ kayลbi | ็ซๆๆฅ | fire |
| Wednesday | ใใใใใณ suiyลbi | ๆฐดๆๆฅ | water |
| Thursday | ใใใใใณ mokuyลbi | ๆจๆๆฅ | tree |
| Friday | ใใใใใณ kin'yลbi | ้ๆๆฅ | gold, metal |
| Saturday | ใฉใใใณ doyลbi | ๅๆๆฅ | earth |
| Sunday | ใซใกใใใณ nichiyลbi | ๆฅๆๆฅ | sun |
Ask ใชใใใใณใงใใใ (nan'yลbi desu ka) for "which day?". Days take ใซ in a sentence: ใซใกใใใณใซ ใใใพใใใใ Useful time words: ใใใ (today), ใใใ (tomorrow), ใใใฃใฆ (the day after tomorrow), ใใใใ ใ (this week), ใใใใ ใ (next week), ใใใฉ (next time, this coming).
6. Saying no politely
Japanese avoids a flat ใใใ in response to an invitation. Instead, you apologise and trail off: ใใใใชใใใใกใใฃใจโฆใ Everyone understands that this means "no". A good refusal also offers a way forward:
| Step | Say |
|---|---|
| 1. Apologise | ใใใใชใใใ / ใใฟใพใใใ |
| 2. Hint that you can't | ใใใใฏ ใกใใฃใจโฆใ |
| 3. Offer another time (optional) | ใใใฃใฆใฏ ใ ใใใใใถใงใใ / ใพใ ใใใฉ ใใญใใใใพใใ |
๐ Vocabulary โ ใใ
20 key words for plans and invitations.
| # | Japanese | Romaji | English | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ใใฃใใใซ | issho ni | together | adverb |
| 2 | ใใใฉ | kondo | next time; this coming | noun |
| 3 | ใใใ | ashita | tomorrow | noun |
| 4 | ใใใฃใฆ | asatte | the day after tomorrow | noun |
| 5 | ใใใใ ใ | raishลซ | next week | noun |
| 6 | ใซใกใใใณ | nichiyลbi | Sunday | noun |
| 7 | ใฉใใใณ | doyลbi | Saturday | noun |
| 8 | ใชใใใใณ | nan'yลbi | which day of the week | phrase |
| 9 | ใฒใพ | hima | free (time); not busy | adj. |
| 10 | ใใใพใ | aimasu | meet | verb |
| 11 | ใฟใพใ | mimasu | see, watch | verb |
| 12 | ใใใพใ | kaimasu | buy | verb |
| 13 | ใใใใฎ | kaimono | shopping | noun |
| 14 | ใใ | eki | station | noun |
| 15 | ใพใ | mae | front; before | noun |
| 16 | ใใใใชใใ | gomen nasai | I'm sorry | phrase |
| 17 | ใ ใใใใใถ | daijลbu | fine, all right | adj. |
| 18 | ใกใใฃใจ | chotto | a little; (polite refusal) | adverb |
| 19 | ใใฆใ | otera | (Buddhist) temple | noun |
| 20 | ใใใฟ | yasumi | holiday; day off | noun |
โ๏ธ Try It Yourself โ ใใใใ ใ
Say each answer out loud first, then click to check.
1. Invite a colleague to lunch together.
Show answer
ใใฃใใใซ ใฒใใใฏใใ ใในใพใใใใ
2. Accept an invitation, then suggest meeting at the station.
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ใใใงใใญใใใใง ใใใพใใใใ
3. Politely refuse an invitation for Friday.
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ใใใใชใใใใใใใใณใฏ ใกใใฃใจโฆใ
4. Say "I want to go to Kyoto."
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ใใใใจใธ ใใใใใงใใ
5. Turn ใในใพใ into "I want to eat."
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ใในใใใงใใ (drop ใพใ, add ใใใงใ)
6. Ask "Where shall we meet?"
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ใฉใใง ใใใพใใใใใ