Plans & Invitations

Japanese Basic Conversation 2

Chapter 3 ยท Making Plans & Invitations

๐Ÿ“… Making Plans & Invitations โ€” ใ‚ˆใฆใ„ใจ ใ•ใใ„

Now that you can talk about your routine and your hobbies, you can invite someone to share them. This chapter gives you the three tools for making plans: ใ€œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹ (the polite invitation), ใ€œใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ("let's") and ใ€œใŸใ„ใงใ™ ("I want to"). It also teaches the days of the week and, just as important, how to say no politely. In Japanese a good refusal is a skill in itself.

โ‘  An Invitation โ€” ใ•ใใ„

A: Kondo no nichiyลbi, hima desu ka. Are you free this coming Sunday?
B: Hai, hima desu. Yes, I'm free.
A: Issho ni eiga o mimasen ka. Would you like to see a film with me?
B: Ii desu ne. Nanji kara desu ka. Sounds good. From what time?
A: Gogo goji kara desu. From five in the afternoon.
B: Jฤ, eki de aimashล. Then let's meet at the station.

โ‘ก Saying No Politely โ€” ใ“ใจใ‚ใ‚‹

A: Ashita, issho ni bangohan o tabemasen ka. Would you like to have dinner together tomorrow?
B: Gomen nasai. Ashita wa chottoโ€ฆ I'm sorry. Tomorrow is a bit difficultโ€ฆ
A: Sล desu ka. Jฤ, asatte wa dล desu ka. I see. Then how about the day after tomorrow?
B: Asatte wa daijลbu desu. The day after tomorrow is fine.
A: Yokatta. Doko e ikimashล ka. Good. Where shall we go?
B: Sushiya e ikimashล. Let's go to a sushi restaurant.

โ‘ข What Do You Want to Do? โ€” ใ—ใŸใ„ใ“ใจ

A: Yasumi ni doko e ikitai desu ka. Where do you want to go on your holiday?
B: Kyลto e ikitai desu. I want to go to Kyoto.
A: Nani o shitai desu ka. What do you want to do?
B: Otera o mitai desu. Sorekara, rฤmen o tabetai desu. I want to see temples. And I want to eat ramen.
A: Ii desu ne. Watashi mo ikitai desu. Sounds good. I'd like to go too.

โ‘ฃ Fixing a Time and Place โ€” ใ˜ใ‹ใ‚“ใจ ใฐใ—ใ‚‡

A: Nanji ni aimashล ka. What time shall we meet?
B: Gogo niji wa dล desu ka. How about two in the afternoon?
A: Sumimasen, niji wa chottoโ€ฆ Sanji wa dล desu ka. Sorry, two is a bit difficult. How about three?
B: Sanji wa ii desu. Three is fine.
A: Doko de aimashล ka. Where shall we meet?
B: Eki no mae de aimashล. Let's meet in front of the station.

โ‘ค The Weekend โ€” ใ—ใ‚…ใ†ใพใค

A: Shลซmatsu wa nani o shimasu ka. What are you doing at the weekend?
B: Doyลbi wa kaimono o shimasu. Nichiyลbi wa uchi de yasumimasu. On Saturday I go shopping. On Sunday I rest at home.
A: Doyลbi no yoru, konsฤto e ikimasen ka. Would you like to go to a concert on Saturday night?
B: Ii desu ne. Ikitai desu. That sounds nice. I'd like to go.
A: Jฤ, rokuji ni eki de aimashล. Then let's meet at six at the station.

โ‘ฅ Between Friends (casual) โ€” ใจใ‚‚ใ ใกใจ

A: Ashita hima? Are you free tomorrow?
B: Un, hima. Yeah, I'm free.
A: Eiga o mi ni ikanai? Do you want to go and see a film?
B: Ii ne! Ikล. Nice! Let's go.
A: Jฤ, eki de aล. Then let's meet at the station.

๐Ÿ”‘ Key Phrases โ€” ใ ใ„ใ˜ใช ใฒใ‚‡ใ†ใ’ใ‚“

EnglishPolite (ใงใ™ / ใพใ™)Casual (friends)
Would you like to ... with me?
Issho ni ... masen ka.

Issho ni ... nai?
Let's ...
... mashล.

... yล / ... ล.
I want to ...
... tai desu.

... tai.
Sounds good!
Ii desu ne.

Ii ne!
I'm sorry, that's a bit difficultโ€ฆ
Gomen nasai, chottoโ€ฆ

Gomen, chottoโ€ฆ
How about ...?
... wa dล desu ka.

... wa dล?

๐Ÿ”ค Three Verbs โ€” ใฉใ†ใ—

Verbs for going out. The plain form is for recognition for now.

VerbPolite (present)NegativePlain (dictionary)
to meet (ใ‚ใ†)
aimasu

aimasen

au
to see; to watch (ใฟใ‚‹)
mimasu

mimasen

miru
to buy (ใ‹ใ†)
kaimasu

kaimasen

kau

๐Ÿงฐ Grammar Tools โ€” ใถใ‚“ใฝใ†

1. ใ€œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹: the polite invitation

To invite someone, put the negative question form on the verb: Literally "won't you watch a film with me?", which is softer than a plain question because it lets the other person refuse easily. The usual positive answers are ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญ ("sounds good"), ใฏใ„ใ€ใœใฒ ("yes, by all means") and ใฏใ„ใ€ใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†.

2. ใ€œใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†: let's

Replace ใ€œใพใ™ with ใ€œใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† to say "let's ...": Add ใ‹ to make an offer or ask for a decision: "Where shall we go?"

You want to ...UseExample
Invite someone, leaving them room to refuseใ€œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹
Agree, or suggest something you both know aboutใ€œใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
Ask what to do togetherใ€œใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹

3. ใ€œใŸใ„ใงใ™: I want to

Take the verb in the ใพใ™-form, remove ใพใ™, and add ใŸใ„ใงใ™: , , . The thing you want to do keeps its ใ‚’:

Watch out: ใ€œใŸใ„ใงใ™ is for you and for questions ใ€œใŸใ„ใงใ™ states your own wish: ใ‚ใŸใ—ใฏ ใ„ใใŸใ„ใงใ™. You can ask ใ„ใใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ ("do you want to go?"), but you should not flatly state what a third person wants (ใ‹ใ‚Œใฏ ใ„ใใŸใ„ใงใ™), which sounds as if you can read their mind. Also, ใ€œใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ can sound pushy to a superior; ใ€œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹ is the safer invitation.

4. ใธ: going somewhere

The particle ใธ (written he but pronounced e) marks a destination with verbs of movement: You can use ใซ instead: Where the action happens takes ใง (Chapter 1):

5. The days of the week

DayJapaneseKanjiElement
Monday getsuyลbiๆœˆๆ›œๆ—ฅmoon
Tuesday kayลbi็ซๆ›œๆ—ฅfire
Wednesday suiyลbiๆฐดๆ›œๆ—ฅwater
Thursday mokuyลbiๆœจๆ›œๆ—ฅtree
Friday kin'yลbi้‡‘ๆ›œๆ—ฅgold, metal
Saturday doyลbiๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅearth
Sunday nichiyลbiๆ—ฅๆ›œๆ—ฅsun

Ask (nan'yลbi desu ka) for "which day?". Days take ใซ in a sentence: Useful time words: ใใ‚‡ใ† (today), ใ‚ใ—ใŸ (tomorrow), ใ‚ใ•ใฃใฆ (the day after tomorrow), ใ“ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…ใ† (this week), ใ‚‰ใ„ใ—ใ‚…ใ† (next week), ใ“ใ‚“ใฉ (next time, this coming).

6. Saying no politely

Japanese avoids a flat ใ„ใ„ใˆ in response to an invitation. Instead, you apologise and trail off: Everyone understands that this means "no". A good refusal also offers a way forward:

StepSay
1. Apologise
2. Hint that you can't
3. Offer another time (optional)

๐Ÿ“– Vocabulary โ€” ใ”ใ„

20 key words for plans and invitations.

#JapaneseRomajiEnglishType
1issho nitogetheradverb
2kondonext time; this comingnoun
3ashitatomorrownoun
4asattethe day after tomorrownoun
5raishลซnext weeknoun
6nichiyลbiSundaynoun
7doyลbiSaturdaynoun
8nan'yลbiwhich day of the weekphrase
9himafree (time); not busyadj.
10aimasumeetverb
11mimasusee, watchverb
12kaimasubuyverb
13kaimonoshoppingnoun
14ekistationnoun
15maefront; beforenoun
16gomen nasaiI'm sorryphrase
17daijลbufine, all rightadj.
18chottoa little; (polite refusal)adverb
19otera(Buddhist) templenoun
20yasumiholiday; day offnoun
Real Japanese Tip โ€” Why "ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจโ€ฆ" Means No A direct ใ„ใ„ใˆ or ใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ can feel harsh in Japan, so people refuse by hinting. ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจโ€ฆ literally means "a littleโ€ฆ" and leaves the reason unsaid; the listener fills in "it's a little difficult". Similar softening phrases are ใ–ใ‚“ใญใ‚“ใงใ™ใŒโ€ฆ ("unfortunatelyโ€ฆ") and ใพใŸ ใ“ใ‚“ใฉ ("another time"). Learn to hear these as refusals too: if an invitation is answered with a long pause and "ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจโ€ฆ", the answer is no. Do not press.
Real Japanese Tip โ€” Meeting Places Big Japanese stations have many exits, so a meeting place must be specific. People say ใˆใใฎ ใพใˆ ("in front of the station") or name a landmark: in Tokyo the statue of the dog Hachikล outside Shibuya Station is the most famous meeting point. If in doubt, ask ใฉใ“ใฎ ใงใใกใงใ™ใ‹ ("which exit?") or send a map pin.
Kanji Spotlight โ€” The Seven Days Each weekday is named after an element and ends in ๆ›œๆ—ฅ (yลbi, "day of the week"): ๆ—ฅ sun, ๆœˆ moon, ็ซ fire, ๆฐด water, ๆœจ tree, ้‡‘ gold, ๅœŸ earth. Calendars and timetables often show just the single kanji in brackets, such as (ๆœˆ) or (ๅœŸ). Have a look: ๆ›œ โ–ธ ยท ๆ—ฅ โ–ธ ยท ๆœˆ โ–ธ ยท ็ซ โ–ธ ยท ๆฐด โ–ธ ยท ๆœจ โ–ธ ยท ้‡‘ โ–ธ ยท ๅœŸ โ–ธ

โœ๏ธ Try It Yourself โ€” ใ‚Œใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…ใ†

Say each answer out loud first, then click to check.

1. Invite a colleague to lunch together.

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2. Accept an invitation, then suggest meeting at the station.

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3. Politely refuse an invitation for Friday.

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4. Say "I want to go to Kyoto."

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5. Turn into "I want to eat."

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(drop ใพใ™, add ใŸใ„ใงใ™)

6. Ask "Where shall we meet?"

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Coming Up in Chapter 4 Describing people and things: i-adjectives and na-adjectives, their negatives (ใ€œใใชใ„ใงใ™, ใ€œใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™), ใจใฆใ‚‚ and ใ‚ใพใ‚Š, and the ใ€œใฏ ใ€œใŒ ใ€œใงใ™ pattern. You have already met ใ‚ใพใ‚Š ใ™ใใ˜ใ‚ƒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ as a set phrase; now you will see how it works.