Opinions & Preferences
Japanese Basic Conversation 2
Chapter 11 ยท Giving Opinions & Preferences
๐ญ Opinions & Preferences โ ใใใใจ ใใฎใฟ
So far you have said what is true and what you like. Now you say what you think, and why. This chapter gives you ใใจ ใใใใพใ ("I think that ..."), the question ใฉใใใฆ ("why?") with its answer ใใใใงใ ("because ..."), the connectors ใงใ ("but") and ใ ใใ ("so"), and ways of agreeing and disagreeing without giving offence. It also tidies up ใใฎใปใใ and ใฉใกใใ from Chapter 6. Each dialog has a Hard words note instead of a romaji line.
โ What Do You Think? โ ใฉใ ใใใใพใใ
โก Why? โ ใฉใใใฆ?
โข Agreeing and Disagreeing โ ใใใใใปใฏใใใ
โฃ Train or Bus? โ ใงใใใใ ใในใ
โค A Recommendation โ ใใใใ
โฅ Between Friends (casual) โ ใจใใ ใกใจ
๐ Key Phrases โ ใ ใใใช ใฒใใใใ
| English | Polite (ใงใ / ใพใ) | Casual (friends) |
|---|---|---|
| I think it's good. | ใใใจ ใใใใพใใ Ii to omoimasu. | ใใใจ ใใใใ Ii to omou. |
| What do you think? | ใฉใ ใใใใพใใใ Dล omoimasu ka. | ใฉใ ใใใ? Dล omou? |
| Why? | ใฉใใใฆใงใใใ Dลshite desu ka. | ใชใใง? Nande? |
| Because ... | ใใใใงใใ ... kara desu. | ใใใใ ... kara. |
| I think so too. | ใใใใ ใใ ใใใใพใใ Watashi mo sล omoimasu. | ใใใใ ใใ ใใใใ Watashi mo sล omou. |
| I think differently. | ใกใใฃใจ ใกใใใจ ใใใใพใใ Chotto chigau to omoimasu. | ใกใใฃใจ ใกใใใจ ใใใใ Chotto chigau to omou. |
๐ค Three Verbs โ ใฉใใ
Verbs for opinions and getting around. The plain form is now important: it goes before ใจ ใใใใพใ.
| Verb | Polite (present) | Negative | Plain (dictionary) |
|---|---|---|---|
| to think (ใใใ) | ใใใใพใ omoimasu | ใใใใพใใ omoimasen | ใใใ omou |
| to think about, consider (ใใใใใ) | ใใใใใพใ kangaemasu | ใใใใใพใใ kangaemasen | ใใใใใ kangaeru |
| to ride; to take (a vehicle) (ใฎใ) | ใฎใใพใ norimasu | ใฎใใพใใ norimasen | ใฎใ noru |
๐งฐ Grammar Tools โ ใถใใฝใ
1. ใใจ ใใใใพใ: "I think that ..."
Put what you think before ใจ in the plain form, then ใใใใพใ: ใใใใใจ ใใใใพใใ "I think it's delicious." The part before ใจ is the thought; the polite ending belongs only to ใใใใพใ. The plain form of the three types of word is:
| Word type | Plain positive + ใจ ใใใใพใ | Plain negative + ใจ ใใใใพใ |
|---|---|---|
| ใ-adjective | ใใใใจ ใใใใพใ takai to omoimasu | ใใใใชใใจ ใใใใพใ takakunai to omoimasu |
| ใช-adjective | ในใใใ ใจ ใใใใพใ benri da to omoimasu | ในใใใใ ใชใใจ ใใใใพใ benri ja nai to omoimasu |
| noun | ใใใ ใจ ใใใใพใ ame da to omoimasu | ใใใใ ใชใใจ ใใใใพใ ame ja nai to omoimasu |
| verb | ใใใจ ใใใใพใ iku to omoimasu | ใใใชใใจ ใใใใพใ ikanai to omoimasu |
2. Asking opinions, and answering
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ใฉใ ใใใใพใใใ What do you think? | ใใจ ใใใใพใใ I think ... |
| ใใจ ใใใใพใใใ Do you think ...? | ใฏใใใใ ใใใใพใใ Yes, I think so. ใใใใใใ ใใใใพใใใ No, I don't think so. |
| ใใจ ใใใใพใใใใ Don't you think ...? | ใใใใใใใ ใใ ใใใใพใใ Yes, I think so too. |
3. Comparing and choosing: ใฉใกใใ and ใใฎใปใใ
From Chapter 6: ask AใจBใจ ใฉใกใใ ใใงใใใ and answer Aใฎ ใปใใ ใใงใใ Now you can combine it with an opinion: ใงใใใใฎ ใปใใ ในใใใ ใจ ใใใใพใใ "I think the train is more convenient."
4. Giving reasons: ใฉใใใฆ ... ใใใใงใ
Ask ใฉใใใฆ (or the more formal ใชใ) and answer with the reason followed by ใใ. Before ใใ the reason is in the plain form, with ใ after nouns and ใช-adjectives: ใใใใ ใใใงใใ ใใใใใใงใใ ใใใใใงใใ
| Reason | Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| ใ-adjective | plain + ใใ | ใฏใใใใใงใใ Because it's fast. |
| ใช-adjective | stem + ใ + ใใ | ใใใใ ใใใงใใ Because it's quiet. |
| noun | noun + ใ + ใใ | ใจใใ ใกใ ใใใงใใ Because (he) is a friend. |
| verb | plain verb + ใใ | ใใใใ ใชใใใใงใใ Because I have no time. |
5. Connecting sentences: ใงใ, ใ ใใ, ใใใซ
| Word | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| ใงใ demo | but | ใในใฏ ใใใใงใใใงใใใใใใงใใ |
| ใ ใใ dakara | so, therefore | ใใใงใใใ ใใใใใใพใใใ |
| ใใใซ soreni | besides, moreover | ใใใใงใใใใใซใใใใใใงใใ |
| ใใใฆ soshite | and (then) | ใใ ใใใพใใใใใฆใใทใฃใฏใผใ ใใณใพใใ |
6. Disagreeing politely
A flat ใกใใใพใ ("that's wrong") sounds harsh. Japanese softens with ใกใใฃใจ, with a pause (ใใผใโฆ) and with ใใจ ใใใใพใ ("I think it's different"), and often agrees first before giving the other view.
| Purpose | Say |
|---|---|
| Agree strongly | ใใใงใใญใ / ใใใใ ใใ ใใใใพใใ / ใใใใซใ |
| Show you understand | ใชใใปใฉใ / ใใใงใใใ |
| Agree, then add a different view | ใใใงใใญใใงใใใใจ ใใใใพใใ |
| Disagree softly | ใใผใใใกใใฃใจ ใกใใใจ ใใใใพใใ |
๐ Vocabulary โ ใใ
20 key words for opinions and reasons.
| # | Japanese | Romaji | English | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ใใใใพใ | omoimasu | think | verb |
| 2 | ใใใใใพใ | kangaemasu | think about; consider | verb |
| 3 | ใฉใใใฆ | dลshite | why | adverb |
| 4 | ใชใ | naze | why (more formal) | adverb |
| 5 | ใใใ | ... kara | because | particle |
| 6 | ใงใ | demo | but | connector |
| 7 | ใ ใใ | dakara | so, that's why | connector |
| 8 | ใใใซ | soreni | besides | connector |
| 9 | ใใ ใใใใพใ | sล omoimasu | I think so | phrase |
| 10 | ใใใ | iken | opinion | noun |
| 11 | ในใใ | benri | convenient | na-adj. |
| 12 | ใตในใ | fuben | inconvenient | na-adj. |
| 13 | ใฏใใ | hayai | fast; early | i-adj. |
| 14 | ใใใ | osoi | slow; late | i-adj. |
| 15 | ใใใใ | anzen | safe | na-adj. |
| 16 | ใฎใใพใ | norimasu | ride, take (a vehicle) | verb |
| 17 | ใใน | basu | bus | noun |
| 18 | ใปใใจใใซ | hontล ni | really, truly | adverb |
| 19 | ใใใใซ | tashika ni | indeed, you're right | adverb |
| 20 | ใชใใปใฉ | naruhodo | I see; that makes sense | phrase |
โ๏ธ Try It Yourself โ ใใใใ ใ
Say each answer out loud first, then click to check.
1. Say "I think it's cheap."
Show answer
ใใใใจ ใใใใพใใ
2. Say "I think Tokyo is convenient."
Show answer
ใจใใใใใฏ ในใใใ ใจ ใใใใพใใ ใ with the ใช-adjective.
3. Say "I don't think it's difficult."
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ใใใใใใชใใจ ใใใใพใใ
4. You're asked "Why?" and want to say "Because it's quiet."
Show answer
ใใใใ ใใใงใใ
5. Say "I like the train better, because it's fast."
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ใงใใใใฎ ใปใใ ใใใงใใใฏใใใใใงใใ
6. Disagree politely: "I think it's a bit different."
Show answer
ใใผใใใกใใฃใจ ใกใใใจ ใใใใพใใ