Object Pronouns

Spanish Grammar 2

Course 2 · Chapter 9 · Object Pronouns

🎯 Object Pronouns — Los pronombres de objeto

Instead of repeating a noun, Spanish replaces it with a small pronoun placed right before the verb: Veo la casa → La veo. A direct pronoun stands for the thing or person the verb acts on; an indirect pronoun stands for the person who receives or benefits (Le doy el libro). You have already met these in me gusta (Spanish Grammar 2 7) and me levanto (Spanish Grammar 2 6). Here they are in full, with the rules for using two together and for placing them.

The rule in one box Direct: me, te, lo, la, nos, os, los, las. Indirect: me, te, le, nos, os, les. They go before the conjugated verb (La veo, Le doy el libro) or attach to the infinitive or gerund (verla, dándole). With two pronouns: indirect first, direct second (me lo da), and le / les → se before lo, la, los, las (se lo doy).

The forms

PersonDirectIndirect
mememe
you (tú)tete
him, it (m.), you (usted, m.)lole (him, her, it, you)
her, it (f.), you (usted, f.)la
usnosnos
you (vosotros)osos
them (m.), you (ustedes)losles (them, you)
them (f.)las

Only the third person differs between direct and indirect. For me, te, nos, os the same word does both jobs.

Direct object pronouns: lo, la, los, las

With a nounWith a pronoun
Veo la casa.La veo.
Compro el pan.Lo compro.
Tengo los libros.Los tengo.
Llamo a Ana.La llamo. (the personal a disappears)
No conozco a tus padres.No los conozco.
¿Quieres un café?Sí, lo quiero.
Watch out: the pronoun cannot be left out English can say "I see" or "I buy" with the object understood; Spanish needs the pronoun when the object is already known: — ¿Tienes el billete? — Sí, lo tengo. Not Sí, tengo. The pronoun takes the gender and number of the noun it replaces, not of the speaker.

Indirect object pronouns: le, les

VerbExampleEnglish
darLe doy el libro a Ana.I give Ana the book.
decirLes digo la verdad.I tell them the truth.
escribir · enviarTe escribo mañana. · Le envío un correo.I'll write to you tomorrow. I send him an email.
preguntar · pedirLe pregunto la hora. · Les pido ayuda.I ask him the time. I ask them for help.
regalar · mostrarNos regalan flores. · Me muestra la foto.They give us flowers. He shows me the photo.

When the person is named, Spanish usually keeps the pronoun as well: Le doy el libro a Ana. The a Ana says who; the le is still needed.

Two pronouns together

The indirect pronoun comes first, then the direct one: Me lo da. (He gives it to me.) Te la envío. (I send it to you.) The two pronouns are never separated and nothing goes between them.

RuleExample
order: indirect, then directMe lo dice. · Nos las envían.
le / les → se before lo, la, los, lasDoy el libro a Ana → Se lo doy. (not le lo doy)
so se can mean he, she, you, theySe lo doy a ella. · Se lo digo a ustedes. (clarify with a + person)
negative: no firstNo se lo digo.

Position: before the verb or attached

SituationPositionExample
conjugated verbbefore itLa veo. · Se lo doy.
verb + infinitivebefore the first verb or attached to the infinitiveLo quiero ver. = Quiero verlo. · Se lo voy a dar. = Voy a dárselo.
estar + gerundbefore estar or attached to the gerundLo estoy leyendo. = Estoy leyéndolo.
Watch out: written accents when pronouns attach Attaching one pronoun to an infinitive needs no accent (verlo, darle); attaching two adds an accent to keep the stress where it was (dárselo, decírmelo). On a gerund, even one pronoun needs the accent: leyéndolo, dándomelo.

Emphasis and clarity: a mí, a ti

As with gustar (Spanish Grammar 2 7), a + pronoun / person can be added in addition to the pronoun for emphasis or contrast, and to clarify le / les:

A mí me ve, pero a ti no te ve. (He sees me but not you.) · A ti te lo digo. (I'm telling you.) · A Ana la conozco bien. (A Ana placed first for focus; the pronoun is required.)

The neuter lo

Lo also stands for a whole idea, a situation or an adjective, with no gender: No lo sé. (I don't know.) · ¿Estás cansado? — Sí, lo estoy. (Yes, I am.) · Es difícil, pero lo entiendo.

Leísmo in Spain

In much of Spain, speakers use le instead of lo for a masculine person as the direct object: Le veo. (about Juan) instead of Lo veo. This leísmo is accepted for masculine singular people; for things you say lo (Lo veo, about a car). Using la for a feminine indirect object (laísmo: La digo la verdad) and lo for a masculine indirect object (loísmo) are considered incorrect.

Latin America note In Latin America lo / la is used for direct objects, people included (Lo veo, La llamo), so leísmo is not a feature to copy. There is no os: for "you all" use les (indirect) and los / las (direct): Les digo la verdad. · Los veo mañana. In Spain, vosotros takes os (Os veo mañana).

🗣️ In Use — En situación

For each pronoun, find the noun it replaces.

① A present

A:¿Le compras un regalo a tu madre?Are you buying your mother a present?
B:Sí, se lo compro hoy. ¿Me ayudas a elegirlo?Yes, I'm buying it for her today. Will you help me choose it?

② The ticket

A:¿Tienes los billetes? ¿Me los das?Have you got the tickets? Will you give them to me?
B:Sí, los tengo. Te los doy ahora. Voy a enviártelos también por correo.Yes, I have them. I'll give them to you now. I'm going to email them to you as well.

③ News

A:¿Conoces a Pablo? Lo veo todos los días en la oficina.Do you know Pablo? I see him every day at the office.
B:No lo conozco, pero a su hermana la conozco bien. Se lo digo mañana.I don't know him, but I know his sister well. I'll tell him tomorrow.

📋 Quick Reference — Resumen

TopicSummary
directme, te, lo, la, nos, os, los, las
indirectme, te, le, nos, os, les
two togetherindirect + direct: me lo, te la, se lo
le / les + lo / labecomes se: se lo doy
positionbefore the conjugated verb; or attached to infinitive and gerund (accent for two pronouns, or one on a gerund)
emphasisa mí me…, a ti te lo digo
leísmole veo (masculine person, Spain) is accepted; laísmo and loísmo are not

✏️ Try It Yourself — Ejercicios

Say the answer first, then click to check.

1. Replace the noun with a pronoun: "Veo la casa." · "Compro los libros." · "Tengo el billete." · "Conozco a Ana."

Show answer

La veo. · Los compro. · Lo tengo. · La conozco.

2. Replace the indirect object: "Doy el libro a Ana." · "Digo la verdad a mis padres." · "Escribo a ti."

Show answer

Le doy el libro. · Les digo la verdad. · Te escribo.

3. Replace both: "Doy el libro a Ana." · "Envío los correos a mis padres." · "Digo la verdad a ti."

Show answer

Se lo doy. · Se los envío. · Te la digo.

4. Say in two ways: "I want to see it." (el libro) · "I'm going to give it to her." (el libro)

Show answer

Lo quiero ver. / Quiero verlo. · Se lo voy a dar. / Voy a dárselo.

5. Say in two ways: "I'm reading it." (el periódico)

Show answer

Lo estoy leyendo. · Estoy leyéndolo. (accent on the gerund)

6. Answer with a pronoun: "¿Tienes las llaves?" · "¿Ves a Pablo?" · "¿Me das el teléfono?"

Show answer

Sí, las tengo. · Sí, lo veo. · Sí, te lo doy.

7. Make negative: "Se lo digo." · "La veo." · "Te lo doy."

Show answer

No se lo digo. · No la veo. · No te lo doy.

8. What does lo stand for here: "No lo sé." · "¿Estás cansado? — Sí, lo estoy."

Show answer

A whole idea ("it", what was said) · an adjective (cansado).

9. Say in Spanish: "I'm telling YOU, not him." (emphasis)

Show answer

A ti te lo digo, no a él.

10. Correct the mistakes: Le lo doy. · ¿Tienes el billete? — Sí, tengo. · Quiero lo ver. · Lo digo a ella.

Show answer

Se lo doy · Sí, lo tengo (the pronoun is needed) · Quiero verlo / Lo quiero ver · Se lo digo a ella.

Coming up in Chapter 10: Por and Para; Prepositions II. Por (cause, exchange, duration, through) against para (purpose, destination, deadline, recipient); entre, sobre, bajo, tras, según, contra; and prepositions of place and time.