Wishes & Dreams
Japanese Basic Conversation 3
Chapter 10 ยท Wishes, Hopes & What You Would Do
๐ Wishes & Dreams โ ใใใปใใผใ
What do you dream of doing? What would you do if you won the lottery? This chapter lets you talk about wishes and imaginary situations. The key pattern is ใใใ, which you met only as a suggestion in Chapter 9: here it means "if" and "when", often with ใใ in front. You also learn ใใจ ใใใงใใญ ("I hope that... / it would be nice if...") and the pattern ใใใฏ ใใใจใงใ ("my dream is to..."). Dialog lines have no romaji; a Hard words note gives readings.
โ Your Dream โ ใใใฏ ใชใใงใใ
โก If You Won โ ใใ 100ใพใใใ ใใฃใใ
โข When It Happens โ ใคใใใ
โฃ Wishing Someone Well โ ใใใงใใญ
โค A Dream Home โ ใใใฎ ใใ
โฅ Between Friends (casual) โ ใจใใ ใกใจ
๐ Key Phrases โ ใ ใใใช ใฒใใใใ
| English | Polite (ใงใ / ใพใ) | Casual (friends) |
|---|---|---|
| My dream is to live in Japan. | ใใใฏ ใซใปใใซ ใใ ใใจใงใใ Yume wa Nihon ni sumu koto desu. | ใใใฏ ใซใปใใซ ใใ ใใจใ Yume wa Nihon ni sumu koto. |
| If I had time... | ใใใใ ใใฃใใโฆ Jikan ga attara... | ใใใใ ใใฃใใโฆ Jikan ga attara... |
| When I arrive, I'll call. | ใคใใใ ใงใใใใพใใ Tsuitara denwa shimasu. | ใคใใใ ใงใใใใใ Tsuitara denwa suru. |
| I hope it's sunny. | ใฏใใใจ ใใใงใใญใ Hareru to ii desu ne. | ใฏใใใจ ใใใญใ Hareru to ii ne. |
| I hope your dream comes true. | ใใใ ใใชใใจ ใใใงใใญใ Yume ga kanau to ii desu ne. | ใใใ ใใชใใจ ใใใญใ Yume ga kanau to ii ne. |
| Good luck! | ใใใฐใฃใฆ ใใ ใใใ Ganbatte kudasai. | ใใใฐใฃใฆ! Ganbatte! |
๐ค Three Verbs โ ใฉใใ
| Verb | Polite | Plain | ใชใ-form | ใ-form | ใใ-form |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| to come true (ใใชใ, G1) | ใใชใใพใ kanaimasu | ใใชใ kanau | ใใชใใชใ kanawanai | ใใชใฃใ kanatta | ใใชใฃใใ kanattara |
| to wish (ใญใใ, G1) | ใญใใใพใ negaimasu | ใญใใ negau | ใญใใใชใ negawanai | ใญใใฃใ negatta | ใญใใฃใใ negattara |
| to save up (ใใใ, G2) | ใใใพใ tamemasu | ใใใ tameru | ใใใชใ tamenai | ใใใ tameta | ใใใใ tametara |
๐งฐ Grammar Tools โ ใถใใฝใ
1. ใใใ: "if" and "when"
In Chapter 9 you used ใ-form + ใ only in ใใใ ใฉใใงใใ. On its own it makes a condition: ใใใ ใตใฃใใใใใใพใใใ "If it rains, I won't go." It also means "when/once (it has happened)": ใซใปใใซ ใคใใใใใงใใใใพใใ "When I arrive in Japan, I'll call." The main clause can be a request, a plan or a wish, and the tense is decided by the situation.
| Word type | ใใใ | Negative ใใชใใฃใใ |
|---|---|---|
| verb | ใใฃใใ / ใในใใ / ใใใ | ใใใชใใฃใใ / ใในใชใใฃใใ / ใใชใใฃใใ |
| ใ-adjective | ใใใใฃใใ / ใฒใใใฃใใ | ใใใใชใใฃใใ |
| ใช-adjective | ใฒใพใ ใฃใใ | ใฒใพใใ ใชใใฃใใ |
| noun | ใใใ ใฃใใ / ใใใฟใ ใฃใใ | ใใใใ ใชใใฃใใ |
The adjective, noun and negative forms are the plain past with ใ added (Chapter 7). Examples: ใใใใฃใใใใใใพใใ "If it's cheap, I'll buy it." ใฒใพใ ใฃใใใใใฆ ใใ ใใใ "If you are free, please come."
2. ใใใใใ: "if (supposing)..."
Add ใใ at the start to make it clear that the situation is imaginary or uncertain: ใใ 100ใพใใใ ใใฃใใใใใใใใ ใใ ใใใใใใใใงใใ "If I had a million yen, I'd like to travel all over the world." For "if I were...", use ใใ ใใใใ ใใ ใฃใใ: ใใ ใใใใ ใจใใ ใฃใใใใจใใง ใใใพใใ "If I were a bird, I'd fly there."
| Pattern | Example |
|---|---|
| ใใ + verb ใใ | ใใ ใใใใ ใใฃใใใใใใใใงใใ If I had time, I'd like to go. |
| ใใ + noun ใ ใฃใใ | ใใ ใใใใ ใใใฟใ ใฃใใใใใฟใธ ใใใพใใ If tomorrow were a holiday, I'd go to the sea. |
| real future (no ใใ needed) | ใใใ ใฏใใใใใใใฝใใพใใ If it's sunny tomorrow, I'll take a walk. |
| ใฆใ: "even if" | ใใใ ใตใฃใฆใใใใใพใใ I'll go even if it rains. (ใฆ-form + ใ) |
3. ใใจ ใใใงใใญ: "I hope... / it would be nice if..."
The plain form + ใจ ใใใงใใญ expresses a hope or a wish for how things turn out, usually about something you do not control: ใใใ ใฏใใใจ ใใใงใใญใ "I hope it's sunny tomorrow." ใใใ ใใชใใจ ใใใงใใญใ "I hope your dream comes true." Add ใใงใใ to speak of your own hope: ใใใใใใใจ ใใใใงใใใ "I hope I pass..."
| You want to say | Use |
|---|---|
| I want to do it | ใใใใงใ (Chapter 2) |
| I intend to do it | ใใคใใใงใ (Chapter 2) |
| I hope it happens (not in my control) | ใใจ ใใใงใใญ / ใใจ ใใใใงใใ |
| if it happens, I'll... | ใใใใใ |
| my dream is to... | ใใใฏ ใใใจใงใ |
4. ใใใฏ ใใใจใงใ: "my dream is to..."
To name a goal, put a plain-form verb before ใใจใงใ: ใใใฏ ใซใปใใซ ใใ ใใจใงใใ "My dream is to live in Japan." ใใ ใฟใฏ ใใใใใ ใคใใ ใใจใงใใ "My hobby is cooking." The ใใจ turns the verb into a noun, as in ใใใจใ ใงใใพใ (Chapter 5). For a negative goal, use the ใชใ-form: ใใใฒใใใฏ ใใใใชใ ใใจใงใใ "My goal is not to be late."
๐ฐ Reading โ ใใฟใใฎ
A short text. Kanji appear with the reading in brackets. Read it, then answer the true/false questions below.
ใใใใฎ ใใ
ใใใใฎ ๅคข(ใใ)ใฏ ใใคใ ใซใปใใง ใฏใใใ ใใจใงใใใใ ใซใปใใง ใฏใใใ ใใจใ ใงใใใใใพใ ไบฌ้ฝ(ใใใใจ)ใซ ใใฟใใใงใใใใใจใ ใใใฃใใใใใฆใใ ใใใใใใใใใใใซ ใฏใใฃใใ ใใใใงใใใ้(ใใญ)ใ ใใใใใๅฐ(ใกใ)ใใ ใใใ ใใใใใงใใใใใ ใใชใใจ ใใใงใใญใใใจใใใซใปใใใฎ ใใใใซ ใใใใใใใใใใใใใซ ใใใใ ใใฎใ ใในใพใใ
My dream is to work in Japan some day. If I could work in Japan, I'd like first to live in Kyoto. When work is over, I'd like to walk around temples and soak in hot springs. When I've saved money, I'd like to buy a small house. I hope the dream comes true. This year, if I pass the Japanese exam, I'll eat something delicious to celebrate.
Words: ใใใใ oiwai (celebration) ยท ใใใใใ aruitari (walking and so on) ยท ๅฐใใ chiisai (small)
1. The writer's dream is to work in Japan.
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True: ใใคใ ใซใปใใง ใฏใใใ ใใจใงใ.
2. The writer wants to live in Osaka first.
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False: they want to live in Kyoto (ไบฌ้ฝ).
3. After work the writer would like to soak in hot springs.
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True: ใใใใใซ ใฏใใฃใใ ใใใใงใ.
4. If the writer passes the exam they will buy a house.
Show answer
False: they will eat something delicious to celebrate. The house comes after saving money.
๐ Vocabulary โ ใใ
20 key words for wishes and dreams. Common kanji appear in brackets.
| # | Japanese | Romaji | English | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ใใ (ๅคข) | yume | dream | noun |
| 2 | ใใใใใ (ๅฐๆฅ) | shลrai | the future | noun |
| 3 | ใใ | moshi | if, supposing | adverb |
| 4 | ใใคใ | itsuka | some day | adverb |
| 5 | ใใใใใ (ๅฎใใ) | takarakuji | lottery | noun |
| 6 | ใใใใ (ๅๆ ผ) | gลkaku | passing (an exam) | noun |
| 7 | ใใใ (่ฉฆ้จ) | shiken | exam | noun |
| 8 | ใใใใ (ใ็ฅใ) | oiwai | celebration | noun |
| 9 | ใใใ (ไธ็) | sekai | world | noun |
| 10 | ใซใ (ๅบญ) | niwa | garden | noun |
| 11 | ใใชใใพใ (ๅถใใพใ) | kanaimasu | come true | verb |
| 12 | ใญใใใพใ (้กใใพใ) | negaimasu | wish, pray for | verb |
| 13 | ใใใใพใ (ๅฝใใใพใ) | atarimasu | hit; win (a prize) | verb |
| 14 | ใใใพใ (่ฒฏใใพใ) | tamemasu | save up | verb |
| 15 | ใใใพใ (่พใใพใ) | yamemasu | quit; stop | verb |
| 16 | ใใใณใพใ (้ธใณใพใ) | erabimasu | choose | verb |
| 17 | ใใใใ (ๅนธใ) | shiawase | happy; happiness | na-adj. |
| 18 | ใใใ (่ช็ฑ) | jiyลซ | free; freedom | na-adj. |
| 19 | ใฎใใณใ | nonbiri | at leisure, relaxed | adverb |
| 20 | ใใใงใจใ | omedetล | congratulations | phrase |
โ๏ธ Try It Yourself โ ใใใใ ใ
Say each answer out loud first, then click to check.
1. Say "My dream is to travel round the world."
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ใใใฏ ใใใใใ ใใ ใใใใใใ ใใจใงใใ
2. Say "If I had time, I'd like to go to Kyoto."
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ใใ ใใใใ ใใฃใใใใใใใจใธ ใใใใใงใใ
3. Say "When I get home, I'll have a bath."
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ใใกใซ ใใใฃใใใใใตใใซ ใฏใใใพใใ
4. Make the ใใ-form of: ใฎใ, ใฟใ, ใฒใพใ , ใใใ.
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ใฎใใ ใ, ใฟใใ, ใฒใพใ ใฃใใ, ใใใใฃใใ
5. Wish a friend well: "I hope you pass the exam."
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ใใใใซ ใใใใใใใจ ใใใงใใญใ
6. Ask a friend casually "What would you do if you won the lottery?"
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ใใใใใใ ใใใฃใใใใฉใใใ?