Wishes & Dreams

Japanese Basic Conversation 3

Chapter 10 ยท Wishes, Hopes & What You Would Do

๐ŸŒŸ Wishes & Dreams โ€” ใ‚†ใ‚ใƒปใใผใ†

What do you dream of doing? What would you do if you won the lottery? This chapter lets you talk about wishes and imaginary situations. The key pattern is ใ€œใŸใ‚‰, which you met only as a suggestion in Chapter 9: here it means "if" and "when", often with ใ‚‚ใ— in front. You also learn ใ€œใจ ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญ ("I hope that... / it would be nice if...") and the pattern ใ‚†ใ‚ใฏ ใ€œใ“ใจใงใ™ ("my dream is to..."). Dialog lines have no romaji; a Hard words note gives readings.

โ‘  Your Dream โ€” ใ‚†ใ‚ใฏ ใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‹

A: What is your dream for the future?
B: To live in Japan some day.
A: That's wonderful. What do you want to do in Japan?
B: I want to do IT work and visit hot springs in my free time.
A: I hope your dream comes true.
B: Thank you.
Hard words: ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚‰ใ„ shลrai ("the future") ยท ใ‚†ใ‚ yume ("dream") ยท ใ„ใคใ‹ itsuka ("some day") ยท ใ™ใฆใ suteki ("wonderful") ยท ใ‹ใชใ† kanau ("come true")

โ‘ก If You Won โ€” ใ‚‚ใ— 100ใพใ‚“ใˆใ‚“ ใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚‰

A: If you had a million yen, what would you do?
B: Let me see... I'd like to travel all over the world.
A: Where would you start?
B: I'd like to start in Europe.
A: Even with a lot of money, would you quit work?
B: No, I don't think I'd quit.
Hard words: ใ‚‚ใ— moshi ("if") ยท ใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚‰ attara ("if there were") ยท ใ›ใ‹ใ„ใ˜ใ‚…ใ† sekai-jลซ ("all over the world") ยท ใƒจใƒผใƒญใƒƒใƒ‘ Yลroppa ("Europe") ยท ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹ yameru ("quit")

โ‘ข When It Happens โ€” ใคใ„ใŸใ‚‰

A: When you arrive in Japan, please call me.
B: Yes, as soon as I arrive, I'll call.
A: What will you do if it rains?
B: If it rains, I'll read a book at the hotel.
A: When you get home, what will you do first?
B: I'll have a bath.
Hard words: ใคใ„ใŸใ‚‰ tsuitara ("when I arrive", from ใคใ) ยท ใ™ใ sugu ("immediately") ยท ใตใฃใŸใ‚‰ futtara ("if it rains") ยท ใ‹ใˆใฃใŸใ‚‰ kaettara ("when I get home")

โ‘ฃ Wishing Someone Well โ€” ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญ

A: You've got your exam tomorrow.
B: Yes. I hope I pass...
A: You'll surely be fine. And I hope it's sunny tomorrow.
B: Yes. When the weather is good, I feel good.
A: Do your best.
Hard words: ใ—ใ‘ใ‚“ shiken ("exam") ยท ใ”ใ†ใ‹ใ gลkaku ("passing") ยท ใ€œใจ ใ„ใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™ใŒ -to ii n desu ga ("I hope that...") ยท ใใ‚‚ใก kimochi ("feeling") ยท ใŒใ‚“ใฐใฃใฆ ใใ ใ•ใ„ ganbatte kudasai ("good luck, do your best")

โ‘ค A Dream Home โ€” ใ‚†ใ‚ใฎ ใ„ใˆ

A: What is your dream house like?
B: It has a big garden, and I can keep cats.
A: So you like cats.
B: Yes. If the house were big, I'd want three cats.
A: Once you've saved up, you'll be able to buy it.
Hard words: ใซใ‚ niwa ("garden") ยท 3ใณใ sanbiki (three small animals) ยท ใŸใ‚ใ‚‹ tameru ("save up") ยท ใ‹ใˆใพใ™ kaemasu ("can buy", a form to recognise)

โ‘ฅ Between Friends (casual) โ€” ใจใ‚‚ใ ใกใจ

A: If you won the lottery, what would you do?
B: Quit my job and go round the world!
A: Lucky you. I'd buy a big house.
B: I hope we win!
Hard words: ใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใใ˜ takarakuji ("lottery") ยท ใ‚ใŸใฃใŸใ‚‰ atattara ("if it hits") ยท ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ dล suru ("what will you do") ยท ใ›ใ‹ใ„ใ„ใฃใ—ใ‚…ใ† sekai isshลซ ("trip around the world") ยท ใ„ใ„ใชใ‚ ii nฤ ("how nice")

๐Ÿ”‘ Key Phrases โ€” ใ ใ„ใ˜ใช ใฒใ‚‡ใ†ใ’ใ‚“

EnglishPolite (ใงใ™ / ใพใ™)Casual (friends)
My dream is to live in Japan.
Yume wa Nihon ni sumu koto desu.

Yume wa Nihon ni sumu koto.
If I had time...
Jikan ga attara...

Jikan ga attara...
When I arrive, I'll call.
Tsuitara denwa shimasu.

Tsuitara denwa suru.
I hope it's sunny.
Hareru to ii desu ne.

Hareru to ii ne.
I hope your dream comes true.
Yume ga kanau to ii desu ne.

Yume ga kanau to ii ne.
Good luck!
Ganbatte kudasai.

Ganbatte!

๐Ÿ”ค Three Verbs โ€” ใฉใ†ใ—

VerbPolitePlainใชใ„-formใŸ-formใŸใ‚‰-form
to come true (ใ‹ใชใ†, G1)
kanaimasu

kanau

kanawanai

kanatta

kanattara
to wish (ใญใŒใ†, G1)
negaimasu

negau

negawanai

negatta

negattara
to save up (ใŸใ‚ใ‚‹, G2)
tamemasu

tameru

tamenai

tameta

tametara

๐Ÿงฐ Grammar Tools โ€” ใถใ‚“ใฝใ†

1. ใ€œใŸใ‚‰: "if" and "when"

In Chapter 9 you used ใŸ-form + ใ‚‰ only in ใ€œใŸใ‚‰ ใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹. On its own it makes a condition: "If it rains, I won't go." It also means "when/once (it has happened)": "When I arrive in Japan, I'll call." The main clause can be a request, a plan or a wish, and the tense is decided by the situation.

Word typeใ€œใŸใ‚‰Negative ใ€œใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰
verb
ใ„-adjective
ใช-adjective
noun

The adjective, noun and negative forms are the plain past with ใ‚‰ added (Chapter 7). Examples: "If it's cheap, I'll buy it." "If you are free, please come."

2. ใ‚‚ใ—ใ€œใŸใ‚‰: "if (supposing)..."

Add ใ‚‚ใ— at the start to make it clear that the situation is imaginary or uncertain: "If I had a million yen, I'd like to travel all over the world." For "if I were...", use : "If I were a bird, I'd fly there."

PatternExample
ใ‚‚ใ— + verb ใŸใ‚‰ If I had time, I'd like to go.
ใ‚‚ใ— + noun ใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰ If tomorrow were a holiday, I'd go to the sea.
real future (no ใ‚‚ใ— needed) If it's sunny tomorrow, I'll take a walk.
ใฆใ‚‚: "even if" I'll go even if it rains. (ใฆ-form + ใ‚‚)
Watch out: ใŸใ‚‰ is not the same as ใจ or ใฐ Japanese has several ways to say "if" (ใ€œใŸใ‚‰, ใ€œใจ, ใ€œใฐ, ใ€œใชใ‚‰). ใ€œใŸใ‚‰ is the safest one to start with, because it works for almost any condition and for "when (it has happened)". Do not use ใ€œใจ for a request or a plan: ใคใ„ใŸใ‚‰ ใงใ‚“ใ‚ใ—ใฆ ใใ ใ•ใ„ is right, while ใคใใจ ใงใ‚“ใ‚ใ—ใฆ ใใ ใ•ใ„ is not. Japanese Grammar 3 explains the others.

3. ใ€œใจ ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญ: "I hope... / it would be nice if..."

The plain form + ใจ ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญ expresses a hope or a wish for how things turn out, usually about something you do not control: "I hope it's sunny tomorrow." "I hope your dream comes true." Add ใ‚“ใงใ™ใŒ to speak of your own hope: "I hope I pass..."

You want to sayUse
I want to do it (Chapter 2)
I intend to do it (Chapter 2)
I hope it happens (not in my control)
if it happens, I'll...
my dream is to...

4. ใ‚†ใ‚ใฏ ใ€œใ“ใจใงใ™: "my dream is to..."

To name a goal, put a plain-form verb before ใ“ใจใงใ™: "My dream is to live in Japan." "My hobby is cooking." The ใ“ใจ turns the verb into a noun, as in ใ€œใ“ใจใŒ ใงใใพใ™ (Chapter 5). For a negative goal, use the ใชใ„-form: "My goal is not to be late."

๐Ÿ“ฐ Reading โ€” ใ‚ˆใฟใ‚‚ใฎ

A short text. Kanji appear with the reading in brackets. Read it, then answer the true/false questions below.

ใ‚ใŸใ—ใฎ ใ‚†ใ‚

My dream is to work in Japan some day. If I could work in Japan, I'd like first to live in Kyoto. When work is over, I'd like to walk around temples and soak in hot springs. When I've saved money, I'd like to buy a small house. I hope the dream comes true. This year, if I pass the Japanese exam, I'll eat something delicious to celebrate.

Words: ใŠใ„ใ‚ใ„ oiwai (celebration) ยท ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใŸใ‚Š aruitari (walking and so on) ยท ๅฐใ•ใ„ chiisai (small)

1. The writer's dream is to work in Japan.

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True: ใ„ใคใ‹ ใซใปใ‚“ใง ใฏใŸใ‚‰ใ ใ“ใจใงใ™.

2. The writer wants to live in Osaka first.

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False: they want to live in Kyoto (ไบฌ้ƒฝ).

3. After work the writer would like to soak in hot springs.

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True: ใŠใ‚“ใ›ใ‚“ใซ ใฏใ„ใฃใŸใ‚Š ใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™.

4. If the writer passes the exam they will buy a house.

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False: they will eat something delicious to celebrate. The house comes after saving money.

๐Ÿ“– Vocabulary โ€” ใ”ใ„

20 key words for wishes and dreams. Common kanji appear in brackets.

#JapaneseRomajiEnglishType
1yumedreamnoun
2shลraithe futurenoun
3moshiif, supposingadverb
4itsukasome dayadverb
5takarakujilotterynoun
6gลkakupassing (an exam)noun
7shikenexamnoun
8oiwaicelebrationnoun
9sekaiworldnoun
10niwagardennoun
11kanaimasucome trueverb
12negaimasuwish, pray forverb
13atarimasuhit; win (a prize)verb
14tamemasusave upverb
15yamemasuquit; stopverb
16erabimasuchooseverb
17shiawasehappy; happinessna-adj.
18jiyลซfree; freedomna-adj.
19nonbiriat leisure, relaxedadverb
20omedetลcongratulationsphrase
Real Japanese Tip โ€” Making Wishes Japan has many ways to make a wish. At a shrine you write it on a wooden plaque called an ใˆใพ and hang it up; on 7 July, at ใŸใชใฐใŸ, people write wishes on strips of paper and tie them to bamboo. At New Year, the first shrine visit (ใฏใคใ‚‚ใ†ใง) is a time for wishing for the year ahead. A ใ ใ‚‹ใพ doll is bought with a wish, and one eye is painted in; the second is painted when the wish comes true.
Real Japanese Tip โ€” Hopes Are Said Softly Japanese speakers often express hopes indirectly, with ใ€œใจ ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญ or ใ€œใจ ใ„ใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™ใŒ, instead of a bold ใ€œใŸใ„ใงใ™. When you wish someone luck, you can say ใŒใ‚“ใฐใฃใฆ ใใ ใ•ใ„, or ใ†ใพใ ใ„ใใจ ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญ ("I hope it goes well"). To a person who has passed an exam, say ใ”ใ†ใ‹ใ ใŠใ‚ใงใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™.
Kanji Spotlight โ€” ๅฅฝ ๅฅฝ (su-ki, kล, like) is in ๅฅฝใใช ใ“ใจ (things you like) and ๅคงๅฅฝใ (daisuki, love, like very much), the word you use for things that matter to you. Two kanji to watch for are ๅคข (yume, dream) and ไธ–็•Œ (sekai, world), neither of which has a page on the site yet. Have a look: ๅฅฝ โ–ธ

โœ๏ธ Try It Yourself โ€” ใ‚Œใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…ใ†

Say each answer out loud first, then click to check.

1. Say "My dream is to travel round the world."

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2. Say "If I had time, I'd like to go to Kyoto."

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3. Say "When I get home, I'll have a bath."

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4. Make the ใŸใ‚‰-form of: ใฎใ‚€, ใฟใ‚‹, ใฒใพใ , ใ‚„ใ™ใ„.

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5. Wish a friend well: "I hope you pass the exam."

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6. Ask a friend casually "What would you do if you won the lottery?"

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