Buying Clothes
Japanese Basic Conversation 3
Chapter 1 ยท Buying Clothes: Sizes, Fit & Returns
๐ Buying Clothes โ ใตใใ ใใ
Welcome to Course 3. Courses 1 and 2 gave you short exchanges and many ready-made phrases; from here on the conversations get longer and you explain more of the grammar behind them. This chapter takes you into a Japanese department store (ใใใผใ): finding your size, trying things on, asking for another colour, understanding a sale, and exchanging or returning something. The new grammar is the plain (dictionary) form and the ใชใ-form of the verb, the base of many patterns in the coming chapters. From this course on, dialog lines have no romaji: a Hard words note gives readings for the difficult words, and the tables keep romaji.
โ Looking for a Jacket โ ใธใฃใฑใใใ ใใใ
โก In the Fitting Room โ ใใกใใใใคใง
โข Colour and Price โ ใใใจ ใญใ ใ
โฃ Exchanging Something โ ใใใใ
โค In the Department Store โ ใใใผใใง
โฅ Between Friends (casual) โ ใจใใ ใกใจ
๐ Key Phrases โ ใ ใใใช ใฒใใใใ
| English | Polite (ใงใ / ใพใ) | Casual (friends) |
|---|---|---|
| May I try this on? | ใใกใใ ใใฆใ ใใใงใใใ Shichaku shite mo ii desu ka. | ใใฆ ใฟใฆใ ใใ? Kite mite mo ii? |
| Do you have a bigger / smaller size? | ใใฃใจ ใใใใ / ใกใใใ ใตใคใบใฏ ใใใพใใใ Motto ลkii / chiisai saizu wa arimasu ka. | ใใฃใจ ใใใใใฎ ใใ? Motto ลkii no aru? |
| It fits perfectly. | ใดใฃใใใงใใ Pittari desu. | ใดใฃใใ! Pittari! |
| It doesn't fit. | ใตใคใบใ ใใใพใใใ Saizu ga aimasen. | ใตใคใบใ ใใใชใใ Saizu ga awanai. |
| I'll take this one. | ใใใ ใใ ใใใ / ใใใซ ใใพใใ Kore o kudasai. / Kore ni shimasu. | ใใใซ ใใใ Kore ni suru. |
| Can I exchange / return it? | ใใใใ / ใธใใดใ ใงใใพใใใ Kลkan / henpin dekimasu ka. | ใใใฆ ใใใใ? Kaete moraeru? |
๐ค Three Verbs โ ใฉใใ
The verbs of clothes shopping, now with their plain form (dictionary form) and ใชใ-form. The next section explains how to make both.
| Verb | Polite (present) | Polite negative | Plain (dictionary) | ใชใ-form |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| to wear (ใใ) | ใใพใ kimasu | ใใพใใ kimasen | ใใ kiru | ใใชใ kinai |
| to take off (ใฌใ) | ใฌใใพใ nugimasu | ใฌใใพใใ nugimasen | ใฌใ nugu | ใฌใใชใ nuganai |
| to suit (ใซใใ) | ใซใใใพใ niaimasu | ใซใใใพใใ niaimasen | ใซใใ niau | ใซใใใชใ niawanai |
๐งฐ Grammar Tools โ ใถใใฝใ
1. The plain (dictionary) form
So far every verb ended in ใพใ. That is the polite form. The form listed in a dictionary is the plain form, and it is what you hear in casual speech (dialog โฅ: ใพใค, ใใ) and what many new patterns are built on. There are three groups of verbs, and the polite form tells you which:
| Group | Rule | Polite โ plain |
|---|---|---|
| 1 (u-verbs) | the sound before ใพใ moves to its ใ-row partner (ใ โ ใ, ใ โ ใ, ใ โ ใ, ใ โ ใ, ใก โ ใค, ใซ โ ใฌ, ใณ โ ใถ, ใฟ โ ใ, ใ โ ใ) | ใใใพใ โ ใใ ยท ใใใพใ โ ใใ ยท ใฌใใพใ โ ใฌใ ยท ใฏใชใใพใ โ ใฏใชใ ยท ใพใกใพใ โ ใพใค ยท ใฎใฟใพใ โ ใฎใ ยท ใใใใพใ โ ใใใ (go home) |
| 2 (ru-verbs) | drop ใพใ, add ใ. The sound before ใพใ is ใ-row or ใ-row | ใในใพใ โ ใในใ ยท ใฟใพใ โ ใฟใ ยท ใใพใ โ ใใ (wear) ยท ใใใพใ โ ใใใ |
| 3 (irregular) | just two verbs | ใใพใ โ ใใ ยท ใใพใ โ ใใ (come) |
Two traps. First, a few verbs look like Group 2 but belong to Group 1, such as ใใใใพใ โ ใใใ ("go home") and ใฏใใใพใ โ ใฏใใ ("enter"); you learn them as exceptions. Second, ใใพใ is two verbs: ใใพใ โ ใใ "wear" (Group 2) and ใใพใ โ ใใ "come" (Group 3). Context tells them apart: ใธใฃใฑใใใ ใใพใ against ใใกใธ ใใพใ.
2. The ใชใ-form
The ใชใ-form is the plain negative: "do not". It is made from the plain form.
| Group | Rule | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | change the final ใ-row sound to its ใ-row partner, add ใชใ. After a vowel, use ใ | ใใ โ ใใใชใ ยท ใฌใ โ ใฌใใชใ ยท ใฏใชใ โ ใฏใชใใชใ ยท ใพใค โ ใพใใชใ ยท ใฎใ โ ใฎใพใชใ ยท ใใ โ ใใใชใ ยท ใซใใ โ ใซใใใชใ |
| 2 | drop ใ, add ใชใ | ใในใ โ ใในใชใ ยท ใฟใ โ ใฟใชใ ยท ใใ โ ใใชใ |
| 3 | irregular | ใใ โ ใใชใ ยท ใใ โ ใใชใ |
Two things you can already do with it. In casual speech it is the ordinary negative: ใตใคใบใ ใใใชใใ "It doesn't fit." And ใใชใใง ใใ ใใ means "please don't...", which you met as a ready-made phrase in Japanese Basic Conversation 2 8: ใใฎ ใตใใฏ ใใใใชใใง ใใ ใใใ "Please don't wash this garment." (The adjective form ใชใ works the same way: ใใพใ ใใใใชใใ "It isn't very expensive.")
3. Size and fit
Fit is described with adjectives you know (ใใใใ, ใกใใใ) plus a few new ones. For "too...", drop the final ใ of an ใ-adjective and add ใใใพใ: ใใใใใใพใ "too big", ใกใใใใใพใ "too small", ใชใใใใพใ "too long". Add ใกใใฃใจ (a bit) to soften it in a shop.
| Meaning | Japanese | Romaji |
|---|---|---|
| just right | ใกใใใฉ ใใใงใ / ใดใฃใใใงใ | chลdo ii desu / pittari desu |
| too big / too small | ใใใใใใพใ / ใกใใใใใพใ | ลkisugimasu / chiisasugimasu |
| tight | ใใคใใงใ | kitsui desu |
| loose | ใใใใงใ | yurui desu |
| too long / too short | ใชใใใใพใ / ใฟใใใใใพใ | nagasugimasu / mijikasugimasu |
Sizes: clothes use S, M, L (ใจใน, ใจใ , ใจใซ) and LL (ใจใซใจใซ, extra large). Shoe sizes are in centimetres: 24.5ใปใณใ (ใซใใ ใใใใฆใใ ใปใณใ). Floors use ใใใ, which becomes ใใ after 3 (ใใใใ); the first floor above ground is ใใฃใใ, and ใกใใใฃใใ is the first basement floor.
4. Trying on, exchanging and returning
| You want to... | Say |
|---|---|
| try something on | ใใกใใ ใใฆใ ใใใงใใใ (ใใฆใ ใใใงใใ, Japanese Basic Conversation 2 8) |
| swap it for another size | Sใซ ใใใใใใฆ ใใ ใใใ |
| get your money back | ใธใใดใ ใใใใงใใ (ใใใใงใ, Japanese Basic Conversation 2 3) |
| say what went wrong | ใตใคใบใ ใใใพใใใงใใใ (past, Japanese Basic Conversation 2 9) |
| show proof of purchase | ใฌใทใผใใฏ ใใใงใใ |
๐ฐ Reading โ ใใฟใใฎ
A short text. Kanji appear with the reading in brackets the first time. Read it, then answer the true/false questions below.
ใธใฃใฑใใใฎ ใใใใ
ๅ ้ฑ(ใใใใ ใ)ใฎ ๆฅๆๆฅ(ใซใกใใใณ)ใใใใผใใง ใธใฃใฑใใใ ใใใพใใใใตใคใบใฏ Mใงใใใใใใกใง ใใฆ ใฟใใจใใกใใฃใจ ใใใใใฃใใงใใใคใใฎ ๆฅ(ใฒ)ใใฌใทใผใใ ใใฃใฆใใฟใใธ ใใใพใใใใฆใใใใใใฏ ใSใซ ใใใใใใพใใใใใใจใ ใธใใดใใใพใใใใจ ใใใพใใใใใใใฏ Sใซ ใใใใใใฆ ใใใใพใใใใฆใใใใใใฏ ใจใฆใ ใใใใคใงใใใ
Last Sunday I bought a jacket at a department store. It was size M, but when I tried it on at home it was a bit big. The next day I took the receipt to the shop. The assistant asked, "Would you like to swap it for an S, or return it?" I had it exchanged for an S. The assistant was very kind.
Words: ใคใใฎ ๆฅ tsugi no hi (the next day) ยท ใใฃใฆ motte (taking, holding) ยท ใใใพใใ kikimashita (asked) ยท ใจใฆใ very ยท ใใใใค shinsetsu (kind)
1. The writer bought the jacket at a department store.
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True: ใใใผใใง ใธใฃใฑใใใ ใใใพใใใ
2. The jacket was too small.
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False: it was a bit big (ใใใใใฃใ).
3. The writer took the receipt back to the shop the next day.
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True: ใคใใฎ ๆฅใใฌใทใผใใ ใใฃใฆใใฟใใธ ใใใพใใใ
4. The writer got a refund.
Show answer
False: the jacket was exchanged for an S (Sใซ ใใใใใใฆ ใใใใพใใ).
๐ Vocabulary โ ใใ
20 key words for clothes shopping. From this course on, common kanji appear in brackets after the kana.
| # | Japanese | Romaji | English | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ใตใ (ๆ) | fuku | clothes | noun |
| 2 | ใธใฃใฑใใ | jaketto | jacket | noun |
| 3 | ใทใฃใ | shatsu | shirt | noun |
| 4 | ใบใใณ | zubon | trousers | noun |
| 5 | ใใค (้ด) | kutsu | shoes | noun |
| 6 | ใตใคใบ | saizu | size | noun |
| 7 | ใใกใใใใค (่ฉฆ็ๅฎค) | shichakushitsu | fitting room | noun |
| 8 | ใฌใทใผใ | reshฤซto | receipt | noun |
| 9 | ใใใใ (ไบคๆ) | kลkan | exchange | noun |
| 10 | ใธใใดใ (่ฟๅ) | henpin | return (of goods) | noun |
| 11 | ใปใผใซ | sฤru | sale | noun |
| 12 | ใใใใฟ (็จ่พผ) | zeikomi | tax included | noun |
| 13 | ใใพใ (็ใพใ) | kimasu | wear (on the upper body) | verb |
| 14 | ใฌใใพใ (่ฑใใพใ) | nugimasu | take off | verb |
| 15 | ใซใใใพใ (ไผผๅใใพใ) | niaimasu | suit, look good on | verb |
| 16 | ใใใใ (ๅคงใใ) | ลkii | big | i-adj. |
| 17 | ใกใใใ (ๅฐใใ) | chiisai | small | i-adj. |
| 18 | ใใคใ | kitsui | tight | i-adj. |
| 19 | ใใใ | yurui | loose | i-adj. |
| 20 | ใดใฃใใ | pittari | a perfect fit; exactly | adv. |
โ๏ธ Try It Yourself โ ใใใใ ใ
Say each answer out loud first, then click to check.
1. Ask if you may try on a shirt.
Show answer
ใใฎ ใทใฃใใ ใใกใใ ใใฆใ ใใใงใใใ
2. Say the jacket is too big and ask for a size smaller.
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ใใใใใใพใใใฒใจใค ใกใใใ ใตใคใบใฏ ใใใพใใใ
3. Give the plain form of: ใฎใฟใพใ, ใในใพใ, ใฌใใพใ, ใใพใ.
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ใฎใ, ใในใ, ใฌใ, ใใ
4. Give the ใชใ-form of: ใใ, ใฟใ, ใใ, ใใ.
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ใใใชใ, ใฟใชใ, ใใใชใ, ใใชใ
5. You bought the wrong size yesterday. Ask to exchange it and say you have the receipt.
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ใใฎใ ใใใพใใใใตใคใบใ ใใใพใใใงใใใใฌใทใผใใฏ ใใใซ ใใใพใใใใใใ ใงใใพใใใ
6. With a friend, say "It suits you, but it's a bit expensive" (casual).
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ใซใใใใใงใใใกใใฃใจ ใใใใญใ