Eating Out
Japanese Basic Conversation 2
Chapter 7 ยท Eating Out: Restaurants, Dietary Needs & Complaints
๐ Eating Out โ ใฌในใใฉใณใง
Japan is a wonderful country in which to eat out, and a country in which a little Japanese goes a long way. This chapter takes you through a whole meal: being seated, ordering, explaining that you do not eat meat or that you have an allergy, politely raising a problem, and asking for the bill. It also gives you a first look at the te-form with ใใฆ ใใ ใใ ("please do ..."), the request pattern you will meet constantly in shops and restaurants. Each dialog has a Hard words note instead of a romaji line.
โ Being Seated โ ใใใฃใใใใพใ
โก Ordering โ ใกใ ใใใ
โข I'm a Vegetarian โ ใใธใฟใชใขใณ
โฃ An Allergy โ ใขใฌใซใฎใผ
โค A Problem, and the Bill โ ใใใใใใ
โฅ Between Friends (casual) โ ใจใใ ใกใจ
๐ Key Phrases โ ใ ใใใช ใฒใใใใ
| English | Polite (ใงใ / ใพใ) | Casual (friends) |
|---|---|---|
| Two people. | ใตใใใงใใ Futari desu. | ใตใใใ Futari. |
| The menu, please. | ใกใใฅใผใ ใใญใใใใพใใ Menyลซ o onegai shimasu. | ใกใใฅใผ ใกใใใ ใใ Menyลซ chลdai. |
| What do you recommend? | ใใใใใฏ ใชใใงใใใ Osusume wa nan desu ka. | ใใใใใฏ? Osusume wa? |
| I'll have this one. | ใใใซ ใใพใใ Kore ni shimasu. | ใใใซ ใใใ Kore ni suru. |
| I can't eat eggs. | ใใพใใ ใในใใใพใใใ Tamago ga taberaremasen. | ใใพใใ ใในใใใชใใ Tamago ga taberarenai. |
| The bill, please. | ใใใใใใใ ใใญใใใใพใใ Okanjล o onegai shimasu. | ใใใใใ! Okaikei! |
๐ค Three Verbs โ ใฉใใ
Verbs for the restaurant. The plain form is for recognition for now.
| Verb | Polite (present) | Negative | Plain (dictionary) |
|---|---|---|---|
| to order; to ask for (ใใฎใ) | ใใฎใฟใพใ tanomimasu | ใใฎใฟใพใใ tanomimasen | ใใฎใ tanomu |
| to need; to be required (ใใ) | ใใใพใ irimasu | ใใใพใใ irimasen | ใใ iru |
| to wait (ใพใค) | ใพใกใพใ machimasu | ใพใกใพใใ machimasen | ใพใค matsu |
Careful: ใใใพใ (to need) is written the same in kana as part of other verbs, but it is a different word from ใฏใใใพใ (to enter) and ใใพใ (to be). ใใใพใใ means "I don't need it", and in a restaurant it is the polite way to say "no, thank you" to an extra.
๐งฐ Grammar Tools โ ใถใใฝใ
1. Ordering: ใใ ใใ ใใ, ใใซ ใใพใ, ใใ ใใญใใใใพใ
| Pattern | Use | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Thing + ใ + ใใ ใใ | "Please give me ..." | ใใฟใใ ใใ ใใใ |
| Thing + ใ + ใใญใใใใพใ | "..., please" (politer, for a service) | ใกใใฅใผใ ใใญใใใใพใใ |
| Thing + ใซ ใใพใ | "I'll have ..." (choosing among options) | ใใใใใซ ใใพใใ |
| Number + ใ ใใ ใใ | count what you want | ใใผใซใ ใตใใค ใใ ใใใ |
2. ใใฏ ใใใพใใ: "do you have ...?"
To ask whether a restaurant has something: ใใธใฟใชใขใณใฎ ใใใใใฏ ใใใพใใใ "Do you have vegetarian dishes?" The answer is ใฏใใใใใพใ or ใใฟใพใใใใใใพใใ.
3. A first look at ใใฆ ใใ ใใ: "please do ..."
The te-form of a verb, with ใใ ใใ, makes a polite request: ใพใฃใฆ ใใ ใใใ "Please wait." ใกใใฅใผใ ใฟใใฆ ใใ ใใใ "Please show me the menu." You will meet it again, properly, in Japanese Grammar 2; here you need only the verbs in this table.
| Verb (ใพใ-form) | ใฆ-form | Request |
|---|---|---|
| ใในใพใ | ใในใฆ | ใในใฆ ใใ ใใใ Please eat. |
| ใฟใพใ | ใฟใฆ | ใฟใฆ ใใ ใใใ Please look. |
| ใฟใใพใ | ใฟใใฆ | ใฟใใฆ ใใ ใใใ Please show me. |
| ใพใกใพใ | ใพใฃใฆ | ใพใฃใฆ ใใ ใใใ Please wait. |
| ใใใพใ | ใใฃใฆ | ใใฃใฆ ใใ ใใใ Please buy. |
| ใฎใฟใพใ | ใฎใใง | ใฎใใง ใใ ใใใ Please drink. |
| ใใใพใ | ใใใฆ | ใใใฆ ใใ ใใใ Please write. |
| ใใพใ | ใใฆ | ใใฆ ใใ ใใใ Please do. |
| ใใพใ (come) | ใใฆ | ใใฆ ใใ ใใใ Please come. |
4. Needs, allergies and what you cannot eat
| Meaning | Japanese |
|---|---|
| I have an allergy. | ใขใฌใซใฎใผใ ใใใพใใ Arerugฤซ ga arimasu. |
| I can't eat ... | ใใ ใในใใใพใใใ ... ga taberaremasen. |
| I don't eat ... (by choice) | ใใฏ ใในใพใใใ ... wa tabemasen. |
| I'm a vegetarian. | ใใธใฟใชใขใณใงใใ Bejitarian desu. |
| I don't need ... | ใใฏ ใใใพใใใ ... wa irimasen. |
| Does it contain ...? | ใใฏ ใฏใใฃใฆ ใใพใใใ ... wa haitte imasu ka. |
Learn ใในใใใพใใ as a ready-made phrase: it is the polite negative of ใในใใใ ("can eat"), a form you will study properly later. And ใใฏ ใฏใใฃใฆ ใใพใใ is likewise a ready-made phrase here; its pattern (ใใฆใใพใ) is introduced in Chapter 10.
5. Complaints: a formula
Japanese complaints in a restaurant are best made softly. The formula is: ใใฟใพใใ (to get attention) + the fact + ใใญใใใใพใ (the fix).
| Problem | Say |
|---|---|
| Something hasn't arrived | ใใฟใพใใใใใผใซใ ใพใ ใใพใใใ |
| Wrong dish | ใใใฏ ใกใ ใใใใจ ใกใใใพใใ |
| It's cold | ใใใฏ ใกใใฃใจ ใคใใใใงใใ |
| You want it changed | ใใใฆ ใใ ใใใ / ใใใฆ ใใใใพใใใ |
6. Paying
Ask ใใใใใใใ ใใญใใใใพใ (or ใใใใใ) to get the bill, then often pay at the ใฌใธ (till) by the door rather than at the table. To split: ในใคในใคใซ ใใญใใใใพใใ "Separate bills, please." To pay together: ใใฃใใใง ใใใงใใ
๐ Vocabulary โ ใใ
20 key words for eating out.
| # | Japanese | Romaji | English | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ใกใใฅใผ | menyลซ | menu | noun |
| 2 | ใใใใ | osusume | recommendation | noun |
| 3 | ใใใใ | gyลza | gyoza dumplings | noun |
| 4 | ใฉใผใกใณ | rฤmen | ramen noodles | noun |
| 5 | ใใใช | sakana | fish | noun |
| 6 | ใซใ | niku | meat | noun |
| 7 | ใใใ | yasai | vegetables | noun |
| 8 | ใใพใ | tamago | egg | noun |
| 9 | ใขใฌใซใฎใผ | arerugฤซ | allergy | noun |
| 10 | ใใธใฟใชใขใณ | bejitarian | vegetarian | noun |
| 11 | ใใใใใใ | okanjล | the bill | noun |
| 12 | ใกใ ใใใ | chลซmon | order (at a restaurant) | noun |
| 13 | ใใฟใ | omizu | water | noun |
| 14 | ใใใพใ | irimasu | need, be required | verb |
| 15 | ใในใใใพใใ | taberaremasen | cannot eat | verb |
| 16 | ใใ ใใ | kudasai | please give me; please (do) | phrase |
| 17 | ใใซ ใใพใ | ... ni shimasu | I'll have / choose ... | phrase |
| 18 | ใกใใใพใ | chigaimasu | is different; is wrong | verb |
| 19 | ใใใใ | oishii | delicious | i-adj. |
| 20 | ใใใใพใใพใใ | kashikomarimashita | certainly, understood (staff) | phrase |
โ๏ธ Try It Yourself โ ใใใใ ใ
Say each answer out loud first, then click to check.
1. You are a group of three. Tell the host.
Show answer
ใใใซใใงใใ
2. Order two beers and some gyoza.
Show answer
ใใผใซใ ใตใใคใจ ใใใใใ ใใ ใใใ
3. Say "I'm a vegetarian. I don't eat meat."
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ใใธใฟใชใขใณใงใใใซใใฏ ใในใพใใใ
4. Say "I have an allergy. I can't eat eggs."
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ใขใฌใซใฎใผใ ใใใพใใใใพใใ ใในใใใพใใใ
5. Make a request: "Please wait."
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ใพใฃใฆ ใใ ใใใ (ใพใกใพใ โ ใพใฃใฆ)
6. Politely ask for the bill.
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ใใใใใใใ ใใญใใใใพใใ