Weather & Seasons
Japanese Basic Conversation 2
Chapter 6 ยท Weather & Seasons
๐ฆ๏ธ Weather & Seasons โ ใฆใใใจ ใใใค
The weather is the great small-talk topic in every language, and in Japan the seasons are almost a national theme: cherry blossom in spring, the rainy season in early summer, red leaves in autumn, snow in winter. This chapter gives you the weather words, the four seasons and the special Japanese seasonal events. It also gives you ใใงใใใ ("it will probably be ...") for forecasts, and ใใใ and ใใฎใปใใ for comparing, so you can say that you prefer winter to summer. As in Chapter 5, each dialog has a Hard words note instead of a romaji line.
โ Today's Weather โ ใใใใฎ ใฆใใ
โก The Rainy Season โ ใคใ
โข Cherry Blossom โ ใใใ
โฃ Which Do You Prefer? โ ใใในใ
โค The Forecast โ ใฆใใใใปใ
โฅ Between Friends (casual) โ ใจใใ ใกใจ
๐ Key Phrases โ ใ ใใใช ใฒใใใใ
| English | Polite (ใงใ / ใพใ) | Casual (friends) |
|---|---|---|
| It's nice weather, isn't it? | ใใ ใฆใใใงใใญใ Ii tenki desu ne. | ใใ ใฆใใใ ใญใ Ii tenki da ne. |
| It's hot / cold, isn't it? | ใใคใใงใใญ / ใใใใงใใญใ Atsui desu ne / Samui desu ne. | ใใคใใญ / ใใใใญใ Atsui ne / Samui ne. |
| How's the weather? | ใฆใใใฏ ใฉใใงใใใ Tenki wa dล desu ka. | ใฆใใใฏ ใฉใ? Tenki wa dล? |
| It will probably be sunny. | ใฏใใงใใใใ Hare deshล. | ใฏใใ ใใใ Hare darล. |
| I like winter better. | ใตใใฎ ใปใใ ใใใงใใ Fuyu no hล ga suki desu. | ใตใใฎ ใปใใ ใใใ Fuyu no hล ga suki. |
| Which do you like better, A or B? | AใจBใจ ใฉใกใใ ใใใงใใใ A to B to dochira ga suki desu ka. | AใจBใจ ใฉใฃใกใ ใใ? A to B to docchi ga suki? |
๐ค Three Verbs โ ใฉใใ
Verbs for weather and seasons. The plain form is for recognition for now.
| Verb | Polite (present) | Negative | Plain (dictionary) |
|---|---|---|---|
| to fall (rain, snow) (ใตใ) | ใตใใพใ furimasu | ใตใใพใใ furimasen | ใตใ furu |
| to bloom (ใใ) | ใใใพใ sakimasu | ใใใพใใ sakimasen | ใใ saku |
| to become (ใชใ) | ใชใใพใ narimasu | ใชใใพใใ narimasen | ใชใ naru |
๐งฐ Grammar Tools โ ใถใใฝใ
1. Weather words and the verbs that go with them
| Weather | Japanese | Pattern |
|---|---|---|
| sunny | ใฏใ hare | ใใใใฏ ใฏใใงใใ |
| cloudy | ใใใ kumori | ใใใใฏ ใใใใงใใ |
| rain | ใใ ame | ใใใ ใตใใพใใ / ใใใงใใ |
| snow | ใใ yuki | ใใใ ใตใใพใใ |
| wind | ใใ kaze | ใใใ ใคใใใงใใ |
2. Temperature adjectives
| Word | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| ใใคใ atsui | hot (weather) | also hot to the touch, written ็ฑใ (hot things) |
| ใใใ samui | cold (weather) | for the air; things you touch are ใคใใใ |
| ใใใใ suzushii | cool, pleasantly fresh | autumn evenings |
| ใใใใใ atatakai | warm, mild | spring days |
Their negatives follow the ใ-adjective pattern from Chapter 4: ใใคใใชใใงใ, ใใใใชใใงใ.
3. The four seasons, and ใใ for "about"
| Season | Japanese | Typical image |
|---|---|---|
| spring | ใฏใ haru | ใใใ sakura (cherry blossom), ใฏใชใฟ (flower viewing) |
| summer | ใชใค natsu | hot, humid; the sea; ใฏใชใณ (fireworks); ใคใ comes just before |
| autumn | ใใ aki | ใใใใ kลyล (autumn leaves) |
| winter | ใตใ fuyu | cold; snow in the north and mountains |
Seasons take ใซ like times: ใฏใใซ ใซใปใใธ ใใใใใงใใ And ใใซ ใชใใพใ means "it becomes ...": ใใใใ ใชใคใซ ใชใใพใใ "Summer is coming soon." (Chapter 9 revisits this with adjectives, as in ใใคใ ใชใใพใ.)
4. ใใงใใใ: "probably"
Replace ใงใ with ใงใใใ to say that something is probably so. It is the standard form of weather forecasts. ใใใใฏ ใฏใใงใใ "Tomorrow is sunny." โ ใใใใฏ ใฏใใงใใใใ "Tomorrow will probably be sunny." With an ใ-adjective you can add it directly: ใใใใฏ ใใคใใงใใใใ With a ใช-adjective: ใใใใงใใใใ After a verb it takes the plain form: ใใใ ใตใใงใใใใ (the plain form ใตใ, for recognition).
5. Comparing: ใใใ and ใใฎใปใใ
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| A ใฏ B ใใ ๏ฝใงใ | A is more ... than B | ใชใคใฏ ใตใใใ ใใคใใงใใ |
| B ใใ A ใฎ ใปใใ ๏ฝใงใ | A is more ... than B (A emphasised) | ใตใใใ ใชใคใฎ ใปใใ ใใคใใงใใ |
| A ใจ B ใจ ใฉใกใใ ๏ฝใงใใ | Which is more ..., A or B? | ใชใคใจ ใตใใจ ใฉใกใใ ใใใงใใใ |
| A ใฎ ใปใใ ๏ฝใงใ | A is the one (that is ...) | ใตใใฎ ใปใใ ใใใงใใ |
ใใ marks the thing you compare against ("than ..."). ใปใ literally means "direction, side", so ใตใใฎ ใปใ is "the winter side". Answering a ใฉใกใ question, you pick one and use ใใฎ ใปใใ. (Chapter 11 returns to ใฉใกใใ and opinions.)
6. Temperatures: ใใฉ
Temperatures in Celsius use ใใฉ (ๅบฆ): ใซใใ ใใใฉ (25ยฐ), ใใใใ ใใฉ (30ยฐ), ใใ ใใฉ (10ยฐ). Below zero: ใใคใใน ใใฉ (minus 5ยฐ). ใใพ ใชใใฉใงใใใ "What's the temperature now?"
๐ Vocabulary โ ใใ
20 key words for weather and seasons.
| # | Japanese | Romaji | English | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ใฆใใ | tenki | weather | noun |
| 2 | ใฏใ | hare | fine weather, sunny | noun |
| 3 | ใใใ | kumori | cloudy | noun |
| 4 | ใใ | ame | rain | noun |
| 5 | ใใ | yuki | snow | noun |
| 6 | ใใ | kaze | wind | noun |
| 7 | ใฏใ | haru | spring | noun |
| 8 | ใชใค | natsu | summer | noun |
| 9 | ใใ | aki | autumn | noun |
| 10 | ใตใ | fuyu | winter | noun |
| 11 | ใคใ | tsuyu | rainy season | noun |
| 12 | ใใใ | sakura | cherry blossom | noun |
| 13 | ใใคใ | atsui | hot (weather) | i-adj. |
| 14 | ใใใ | samui | cold (weather) | i-adj. |
| 15 | ใใใใ | suzushii | cool | i-adj. |
| 16 | ใใใใใ | atatakai | warm, mild | i-adj. |
| 17 | ใตใใพใ | furimasu | fall (rain, snow) | verb |
| 18 | ใปใ | hล | side; direction (in comparisons) | noun |
| 19 | ใใ | yori | than | particle |
| 20 | ใใ | kasa | umbrella | noun |
โ๏ธ Try It Yourself โ ใใใใ ใ
Say each answer out loud first, then click to check.
1. Say "It's very cold today."
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ใใใใฏ ใจใฆใ ใใใใงใใ
2. Say "It will probably rain tomorrow."
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ใใใใฏ ใใใงใใใใ
3. Say "It snows in winter."
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ใตใใฏ ใใใ ใตใใพใใ
4. Say "Summer is hotter than spring."
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ใชใคใฏ ใฏใใใ ใใคใใงใใ
5. Ask "Which do you like better, spring or autumn?" and answer "I like spring better."
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ใฏใใจ ใใใจ ใฉใกใใ ใใใงใใใ โ ใฏใใฎ ใปใใ ใใใงใใ
6. Say "It's 25 degrees."
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ใซใใ ใใใฉใงใใ