Weather & Seasons

Japanese Basic Conversation 2

Chapter 6 ยท Weather & Seasons

๐ŸŒฆ๏ธ Weather & Seasons โ€” ใฆใ‚“ใใจ ใใ›ใค

The weather is the great small-talk topic in every language, and in Japan the seasons are almost a national theme: cherry blossom in spring, the rainy season in early summer, red leaves in autumn, snow in winter. This chapter gives you the weather words, the four seasons and the special Japanese seasonal events. It also gives you ใ€œใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ("it will probably be ...") for forecasts, and ใ€œใ‚ˆใ‚Š and ใ€œใฎใปใ†ใŒ for comparing, so you can say that you prefer winter to summer. As in Chapter 5, each dialog has a Hard words note instead of a romaji line.

โ‘  Today's Weather โ€” ใใ‚‡ใ†ใฎ ใฆใ‚“ใ

A: How's the weather today?
B: It's sunny. It's very hot.
A: And tomorrow, I wonder?
B: It will probably be cloudy.
A: Will it rain?
B: Probably not.
Hard words: ใฆใ‚“ใ tenki ยท ใฏใ‚Œ hare ยท ใใ‚‚ใ‚Š kumori ยท ใตใ‚Šใพใ™ furimasu ยท ใŸใถใ‚“ tabun

โ‘ก The Rainy Season โ€” ใคใ‚†

A: Is it the rainy season in Japan now?
B: Yes, it rains every day.
A: Do you have an umbrella?
B: Yes, in my bag.
A: What about winter?
B: Winter is cold. It snows too.
Hard words: ใคใ‚† tsuyu ยท ใ‹ใ• kasa ยท ใตใ‚† fuyu ยท ใ‚†ใ yuki

โ‘ข Cherry Blossom โ€” ใ•ใใ‚‰

A: Which season do you like?
B: I like spring. The cherry blossoms bloom.
A: Cherry blossom is beautiful.
B: Yes, very beautiful. I want to go flower-viewing.
A: About when do they bloom?
B: From the end of March into April.
Hard words: ใใ›ใค kisetsu ยท ใ•ใใพใ™ sakimasu ยท ใฏใชใฟ hanami ยท ใ„ใคใ”ใ‚ itsugoro ยท ใ•ใ‚“ใŒใค sangatsu ยท ใ—ใŒใค shigatsu

โ‘ฃ Which Do You Prefer? โ€” ใใ‚‰ในใ‚‹

A: Which do you like, summer or winter?
B: I like winter better.
A: Really? I like summer better.
B: Summer is hotter than winter, you know.
A: But in summer I want to go to the sea.
Hard words: ใฉใกใ‚‰ dochira ยท ใปใ† hล ยท ใ‚ˆใ‚Š yori ยท ใ†ใฟ umi

โ‘ค The Forecast โ€” ใฆใ‚“ใใ‚ˆใปใ†

A: What's tomorrow's weather?
B: It will probably snow in Hokkaido.
A: And Tokyo?
B: Tokyo will probably be sunny.
A: And Osaka?
B: Cloudy, then rain.
Hard words: ใฆใ‚“ใใ‚ˆใปใ† tenki yohล ยท ใปใฃใ‹ใ„ใฉใ† Hokkaidล ยท ใใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฎใก ใ‚ใ‚ kumori nochi ame ("cloudy, later rain")

โ‘ฅ Between Friends (casual) โ€” ใจใ‚‚ใ ใกใจ

A: It's hot today.
B: Yeah, hot.
A: I want ice cream.
B: Good idea! Let's go to the convenience store.
Hard words: ใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚น aisu ยท ใ„ใ“ใ† ikล (plain "let's go")

๐Ÿ”‘ Key Phrases โ€” ใ ใ„ใ˜ใช ใฒใ‚‡ใ†ใ’ใ‚“

EnglishPolite (ใงใ™ / ใพใ™)Casual (friends)
It's nice weather, isn't it?
Ii tenki desu ne.

Ii tenki da ne.
It's hot / cold, isn't it?
Atsui desu ne / Samui desu ne.

Atsui ne / Samui ne.
How's the weather?
Tenki wa dล desu ka.

Tenki wa dล?
It will probably be sunny.
Hare deshล.

Hare darล.
I like winter better.
Fuyu no hล ga suki desu.

Fuyu no hล ga suki.
Which do you like better, A or B?
A to B to dochira ga suki desu ka.

A to B to docchi ga suki?

๐Ÿ”ค Three Verbs โ€” ใฉใ†ใ—

Verbs for weather and seasons. The plain form is for recognition for now.

VerbPolite (present)NegativePlain (dictionary)
to fall (rain, snow) (ใตใ‚‹)
furimasu

furimasen

furu
to bloom (ใ•ใ)
sakimasu

sakimasen

saku
to become (ใชใ‚‹)
narimasu

narimasen

naru

๐Ÿงฐ Grammar Tools โ€” ใถใ‚“ใฝใ†

1. Weather words and the verbs that go with them

WeatherJapanesePattern
sunny hare
cloudy kumori
rain ame
snow yuki
wind kaze

2. Temperature adjectives

WordMeaningNotes
atsuihot (weather)also hot to the touch, written ็†ฑใ„ (hot things)
samuicold (weather)for the air; things you touch are ใคใ‚ใŸใ„
suzushiicool, pleasantly freshautumn evenings
atatakaiwarm, mildspring days

Their negatives follow the ใ„-adjective pattern from Chapter 4: ใ‚ใคใใชใ„ใงใ™, ใ•ใ‚€ใใชใ„ใงใ™.

3. The four seasons, and ใ”ใ‚ for "about"

SeasonJapaneseTypical image
spring haru sakura (cherry blossom), (flower viewing)
summer natsuhot, humid; the sea; (fireworks); comes just before
autumn aki kลyล (autumn leaves)
winter fuyucold; snow in the north and mountains

Seasons take ใซ like times: And ใ€œใซ ใชใ‚Šใพใ™ means "it becomes ...": "Summer is coming soon." (Chapter 9 revisits this with adjectives, as in ใ‚ใคใ ใชใ‚Šใพใ™.)

4. ใ€œใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†: "probably"

Replace ใงใ™ with ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† to say that something is probably so. It is the standard form of weather forecasts. "Tomorrow is sunny." โ†’ "Tomorrow will probably be sunny." With an ใ„-adjective you can add it directly: With a ใช-adjective: After a verb it takes the plain form: (the plain form ใตใ‚‹, for recognition).

Watch out: ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† can also be a question With a rising voice, ใ€œใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†? checks with the listener: ใ„ใ„ ใฆใ‚“ใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†? "Nice weather, isn't it?". With a falling voice it states a guess: ใ‚ใ‚ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ "It'll probably rain." In writing, the question mark or context makes the difference clear.

5. Comparing: ใ€œใ‚ˆใ‚Š and ใ€œใฎใปใ†ใŒ

PatternMeaningExample
A ใฏ B ใ‚ˆใ‚Š ๏ฝžใงใ™A is more ... than B
B ใ‚ˆใ‚Š A ใฎ ใปใ†ใŒ ๏ฝžใงใ™A is more ... than B (A emphasised)
A ใจ B ใจ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒ ๏ฝžใงใ™ใ‹Which is more ..., A or B?
A ใฎ ใปใ†ใŒ ๏ฝžใงใ™A is the one (that is ...)

ใ‚ˆใ‚Š marks the thing you compare against ("than ..."). ใปใ† literally means "direction, side", so ใตใ‚†ใฎ ใปใ† is "the winter side". Answering a ใฉใกใ‚‰ question, you pick one and use ใ€œใฎ ใปใ†ใŒ. (Chapter 11 returns to ใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒ and opinions.)

6. Temperatures: ใ€œใฉ

Temperatures in Celsius use ใ€œใฉ (ๅบฆ): (25ยฐ), (30ยฐ), (10ยฐ). Below zero: (minus 5ยฐ). "What's the temperature now?"

๐Ÿ“– Vocabulary โ€” ใ”ใ„

20 key words for weather and seasons.

#JapaneseRomajiEnglishType
1tenkiweathernoun
2harefine weather, sunnynoun
3kumoricloudynoun
4amerainnoun
5yukisnownoun
6kazewindnoun
7haruspringnoun
8natsusummernoun
9akiautumnnoun
10fuyuwinternoun
11tsuyurainy seasonnoun
12sakuracherry blossomnoun
13atsuihot (weather)i-adj.
14samuicold (weather)i-adj.
15suzushiicooli-adj.
16atatakaiwarm, mildi-adj.
17furimasufall (rain, snow)verb
18hลside; direction (in comparisons)noun
19yorithanparticle
20kasaumbrellanoun
Real Japanese Tip โ€” ใคใ‚†, Cherry Blossom and Typhoons Japan's seasons come with a calendar. ใ•ใใ‚‰ blooms from late March in the south to April or May in the north, and the TV forecasts the "cherry-blossom front" (ใ•ใใ‚‰ใœใ‚“ใ›ใ‚“) like a weather system. ใคใ‚†, the rainy season, runs roughly from June to mid-July (Hokkaido has none). Summer is hot and humid, and ใŸใ„ใตใ† (typhoons) arrive from late summer to autumn. ใ“ใ†ใ‚ˆใ† (red autumn leaves) peak in November in many places. Plan a trip around the season, not just the dates.
Real Japanese Tip โ€” Weather Is the Safest Small Talk A very common way to start a conversation, with a neighbour, a colleague or a shop assistant, is a remark about the weather: ใ‚ใคใ„ใงใ™ใญ, ใ•ใ‚€ใ„ใงใ™ใญ, ใ„ใ„ ใฆใ‚“ใใงใ™ใญ. You do not need to say anything clever; the other person simply replies ใใ†ใงใ™ใญ ("yes, it is"). Seasonal words are also used in letters and emails as opening greetings.
Kanji Spotlight โ€” ๆ˜ฅ ๅค ็ง‹ ๅ†ฌ The four seasons in kanji are ๆ˜ฅ (haru, spring), ๅค (natsu, summer), ็ง‹ (aki, autumn) and ๅ†ฌ (fuyu, winter). Weather itself is ้›จ (ame, rain) and ้›ช (yuki, snow); a forecast map is full of these symbols. (The kanji pages for these are not on the site yet.)

โœ๏ธ Try It Yourself โ€” ใ‚Œใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…ใ†

Say each answer out loud first, then click to check.

1. Say "It's very cold today."

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2. Say "It will probably rain tomorrow."

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3. Say "It snows in winter."

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4. Say "Summer is hotter than spring."

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5. Ask "Which do you like better, spring or autumn?" and answer "I like spring better."

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โ†’

6. Say "It's 25 degrees."

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Coming Up in Chapter 7 Eating out: the ใƒกใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผ, ใŠใ™ใ™ใ‚, allergies and vegetarian phrases, ใ€œใ‚’ ใใ ใ•ใ„ and ใ€œใฏ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹, a first look at ใ€œใฆใใ ใ•ใ„, and paying with ใŠใ‹ใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†.