Learning & Education: Courses, Studying & Exams
Hungarian Basic Conversation 4
Chapter 5 · Learning & Education: Courses, Studying & Exams
🎓 Learning and Education — Tanulás és oktatás
Enrolling on a course, preparing for an exam, passing or failing: this chapter gives you the words for school and university life. The grammar spotlight is a distinction English does not make so neatly: tanultam ("I studied, I was learning") against megtanultam ("I learned it, finished"). You will also use óta (since), -ig (until) and -ra (by, for) with times. Dialogs have no respelling line; the Hard words notes cover the difficult words.
① Enrolling on a Course — Beiratkozás
② At the University — Az egyetemen
③ Before the Exam — Vizsga előtt
④ The Results — Az eredmény
⑤ Scholarships and Plans — Ösztöndíj
⑥ Old Schooldays — Iskolai emlékek
🗝️ Key Phrases — Fontos kifejezések
| Situation | Formal | Informal (te) | Say it (formal) |
|---|---|---|---|
| I'd like to enrol. | Szeretnék beiratkozni. | same | SEH-reht-nayk BEH-ih-rawt-koz-nih |
| What are you studying? | Mit tanul? | Mit tanulsz? | MIT TAW-nul |
| Where do you study? | Hol tanul? | Hol tanulsz? | HOL TAW-nul |
| I have an exam tomorrow. | Holnap vizsgám van. | same | HOL-nawp VIZH-gahm VAWN |
| I passed. | Átmentem. | same | AHT-mehn-tehm |
| I failed. | Megbuktam. | same | MEHG-buk-tawm |
| Good luck! | Sok sikert! | same | SHOK SHIH-kehrt |
| Congratulations! | Gratulálok! | same | GRAW-tu-lah-lok |
| How long have you been learning Hungarian? | Mióta tanul magyarul? | Mióta tanulsz magyarul? | MIH-oh-taw TAW-nul MAW-dyaw-rul |
✒️ Three Verbs — Három ige
Three study verbs in the present tense. Tanulni keeps its stem; vizsgázni is regular; beiratkozni is the prefixed form of iratkozni.
| tanulni (to study) | vizsgázni (to take an exam) | beiratkozni (to enrol) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| én (I) | tanulok TAW-nu-lok | vizsgázom VIZH-gah-zom | beiratkozom BEH-ih-rawt-ko-zom |
| te (you) | tanulsz TAW-nuls | vizsgázol VIZH-gah-zol | beiratkozol BEH-ih-rawt-ko-zol |
| ő, Ön | tanul TAW-nul | vizsgázik VIZH-gah-zik | beiratkozik BEH-ih-rawt-ko-zik |
| mi (we) | tanulunk TAW-nu-lunk | vizsgázunk VIZH-gah-zunk | beiratkozunk BEH-ih-rawt-ko-zunk |
| ti (you, pl.) | tanultok TAW-nul-tok | vizsgáztok VIZH-gahz-tok | beiratkoztok BEH-ih-rawt-kos-tok |
| ők (they) | tanulnak TAW-nul-nawk | vizsgáznak VIZH-gahz-nawk | beiratkoznak BEH-ih-rawt-kos-nawk |
Note that vizsgázni and beiratkozni are -ik verbs: the ő form ends in -ik and the én form in -om, as you learned in Hungarian Grammar 1.
⏳ Unfinished or Finished? — Tanultam és megtanultam
Plain past tense, with no prefix, describes the activity: it was going on, or it happened. Adding a prefix such as meg- says the activity was completed and reached its result. Compare:
| Activity (no prefix) | Completed (with prefix) | English |
|---|---|---|
| Tegnap tanultam. | Megtanultam a leckét. | I studied yesterday. / I learned the lesson. |
| Olvastam a könyvet. | Elolvastam a könyvet. | I was reading the book. / I read the whole book. |
| Írtam a levelet. | Megírtam a levelet. | I was writing the letter. / I wrote (finished) the letter. |
| Vizsgáztam. | Letettem a vizsgát. | I took an exam. / I passed (took and completed) the exam. |
| Csináltam a házit. | Megcsináltam a házit. | I was doing the homework. / I did (finished) the homework. |
⏰ Since, Until, By — Óta, -ig, -ra
| Word | Meaning | Example | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| óta | since; for (up to now) | Két éve tanulok magyarul. / Január óta tanulok. | I've been learning Hungarian for two years. / since January. |
| -ig | until, up to | Éjfélig tanulok. | I'll study until midnight. |
| -ra / -re | by (a deadline), for | Hétfőre kell beadni. | It has to be handed in by Monday. |
| múlva | in (after a period) | Két hét múlva vizsgázom. | I'll take the exam in two weeks. |
| mióta? | since when? / how long? | Mióta lakik itt? | How long have you lived here? |
Remember: Hungarian uses the present tense for something that began in the past and still goes on: Három éve tanulok magyarul. literally "Three years ago-since I learn Hungarian." For a period, -ja / -e plus óta or the word éve ("years ago") is used: két éve, három hónapja. A deadline takes -ra / -re: holnapra (by tomorrow), péntekre (by Friday).
📚 School Words — Iskolai szavak
| English | Hungarian | Say it |
|---|---|---|
| primary school | általános iskola | AHL-taw-lah-nosh ISH-ko-law |
| secondary school | középiskola, gimnázium | KEU-zayp-ish-ko-law, GIM-nah-zih-um |
| university | egyetem | EH-dyeh-tehm |
| lecture | előadás | EH-leuu-aw-dahsh |
| homework | házi feladat | HAH-zih FEH-law-dawt |
| teacher | tanár; tanárnő | TAW-nahr; TAW-nahr-neuu |
| student | diák; egyetemista | DIH-ahk; EH-dyeh-teh-mish-taw |
| degree | diploma | DIH-plo-maw |
📝 Grades — Jegyek
Hungarian school marks run from 1 to 5, and 5 is the best. The word for the mark is jegy, and a mark is named by its number with -s.
| Mark | Hungarian | Say it | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | ötös | EU-teush | excellent |
| 4 | négyes | NAY-dyehsh | good |
| 3 | hármas | HAHR-mawsh | satisfactory |
| 2 | kettes | KEHT-tehsh | pass |
| 1 | egyes | EH-dyehsh | fail |
📖 Vocabulary — Szókincs
20 key words. Read the Hungarian first; each dialog ends with a short note on the new or tricky words (CAPITALS = the stressed first syllable).
| # | Hungarian | Say it | English | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tanfolyam | TAWN-fo-yawm | course | noun |
| 2 | egyetem | EH-dyeh-tehm | university | noun |
| 3 | vizsga | VIZH-gaw | exam | noun |
| 4 | eredmény | EH-rehd-mayny | result | noun |
| 5 | jegy | YEHDY | mark, grade | noun |
| 6 | ösztöndíj | EUS-teun-deey | scholarship | noun |
| 7 | előadás | EH-leuu-aw-dahsh | lecture | noun |
| 8 | tétel | TAY-tehl | exam topic, item | noun |
| 9 | diploma | DIH-plo-maw | degree, diploma | noun |
| 10 | szakdolgozat | SAWK-dol-go-zawt | thesis | noun |
| 11 | tanulni | TAW-nul-nih | to study, learn | verb |
| 12 | megtanulni | MEHG-taw-nul-nih | to learn (completely) | verb |
| 13 | beiratkozni | BEH-ih-rawt-koz-nih | to enrol | verb |
| 14 | vizsgázni | VIZH-gahz-nih | to take an exam | verb |
| 15 | átmenni | AHT-mehn-nih | to pass | verb |
| 16 | megbukni | MEHG-buk-nih | to fail | verb |
| 17 | pályázni | PAH-yahz-nih | to apply (for a grant, job) | verb |
| 18 | végezni | VAY-gehz-nih | to finish, graduate | verb |
| 19 | kezdő | KEHZ-deuu | beginner | adj |
| 20 | haladó | HAW-law-doh | advanced | adj |
📰 Olvasás — Reading
Read the text slowly, then check the word list underneath.
Péter két éve tanul az egyetemen, és most vizsgaidőszak van. Reggel nyolc óta tanul a könyvtárban, mert holnapra meg kell tanulnia tizenöt tételt. Már megtanulta az első tízet, de a többit még nem. Éjfélig fent marad, aztán lefekszik.
A vizsga délután kettőkor kezdődik. Ha átmegy, ösztöndíjra pályázhat. A pályázatot a hónap végéig kell beadnia. Péter szeretne külföldre menni, ezért nagyon akar jó jegyet kapni. A barátja, Dóra, azt mondta neki, hogy pihenjen egy kicsit, de Péter nem hallgat rá.
| Word | Say it | English |
|---|---|---|
| vizsgaidőszak | VIZH-gaw-ih-deuu-sawk | exam period |
| könyvtár | KEUNYV-tahr | library |
| a többi | AW TEUB-bih | the rest |
| lefekszik | LEH-fehk-sik | goes to bed |
| külföldre | KUEL-feuld-reh | abroad (direction) |
| hallgat valakire | HAWLL-gawt VAW-law-kih-reh | listens to somebody |
True or false? Say the answer first, then click to check.
1. Péter has been at university for two years.
Show answer
True: két éve tanul az egyetemen.
2. He has learned all fifteen topics.
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False: he has learned the first ten (megtanulta az első tízet).
3. The exam is in the morning.
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False: it begins at two in the afternoon (délután kettőkor).
4. Péter follows Dóra's advice to rest.
Show answer
False: Péter nem hallgat rá (he doesn't listen to her).
✍️ Try It Yourself — Gyakorlatok
Say each answer out loud first, then click to check.
1. Say "I've been studying Hungarian for two years."
Show answer
Két éve tanulok magyarul.
2. Say "I learned the whole lesson." Which verb: tanultam or megtanultam?
Show answer
Megtanultam az egész leckét. The prefix shows it is finished.
3. Say "I'll study until midnight."
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Éjfélig tanulok.
4. Say "It has to be handed in by Friday."
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Péntekre kell beadni.
5. Tell a friend "I failed the maths exam."
Show answer
Megbuktam a matekvizsgán. (or Abból megbuktam.)
6. Ask a friend "How long have you been studying?"
Show answer
Mióta tanulsz?