CHALLENGE 1: Create a Vehicle Class
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SOLUTION:

class Vehicle {
  public brand: string;
  public model: string;
  public year: number;

  constructor(brand: string, model: string, year: number) {
    this.brand = brand;
    this.model = model;
    this.year = year;
  }

  getInfo(): string {
    return `${this.year} ${this.brand} ${this.model}`;
  }
}

// Create instances
const car1 = new Vehicle("Toyota", "Camry", 2022);
const car2 = new Vehicle("Honda", "Civic", 2021);
const car3 = new Vehicle("Tesla", "Model 3", 2023);

// Use the method
console.log(car1.getInfo());  // Output: 2022 Toyota Camry
console.log(car2.getInfo());  // Output: 2021 Honda Civic
console.log(car3.getInfo());  // Output: 2023 Tesla Model 3

ALTERNATIVE (Using Constructor Shorthand):

class Vehicle {
  constructor(
    public brand: string,
    public model: string,
    public year: number
  ) {}

  getInfo(): string {
    return `${this.year} ${this.brand} ${this.model}`;
  }
}

// Same usage, same results!

EXPLANATION:
- "class Vehicle { }" — defines a blueprint
- "public brand: string" — properties are public (accessible from outside)
- "constructor(brand, model, year)" — runs when you create new Vehicle(...)
- "this.brand = brand" — assigns the parameter to the property
- "getInfo()" — method that returns a string
- "new Vehicle(...)" — creates an instance

WHY CLASSES:
- Encapsulation: group related data and methods
- Reusability: create many vehicles from one class
- Type safety: TypeScript knows each Vehicle has brand, model, year
- Organization: cleaner than having individual objects