CHALLENGE 2: Inference vs Annotation
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ANSWER:

const x = 42;                    // ✅ Inference works (clearly a number)
const y = null;                  // ❌ NEEDS ANNOTATION
function process(value) { ... }  // ❌ NEEDS ANNOTATION
const isReady = true;            // ✅ Inference works (clearly a boolean)

DETAILED EXPLANATION:

1. "const x = 42"
   - Inference: ✅ Clear it's a number
   - Keep it: const x = 42;
   - No annotation needed

2. "const y = null"
   - Inference: ❌ TypeScript infers type 'null' (too specific!)
   - You probably want it to accept null OR some other type later
   - Fix it: const y: string | null = null;
           OR: const y: number | null = null;
   - The annotation clarifies your intent

3. "function process(value) { ... }"
   - Inference: ❌ Parameter has no type (inferred as 'any')
   - ALWAYS annotate function parameters
   - Fix it: function process(value: string): void { ... }
           OR: function process(value: unknown): unknown { ... }
   - Depends on what the function does

4. "const isReady = true"
   - Inference: ✅ Clear it's a boolean
   - Keep it: const isReady = true;
   - No annotation needed

GOLDEN RULE:
- Variables assigned clear values? Use inference
- Function parameters? ALWAYS annotate
- Variables that might be null? ALWAYS annotate
- Function return values? Highly recommended