Challenge 3 — Solution

Task: Write code comparing the integer 1 and the string "1" using both
== and ===, echoing a clear message explaining what each comparison
returned and why they differ.

<?php
    $intOne = 1;
    $strOne = "1";

    if ($intOne == $strOne) {
        echo "== says they are equal (loose comparison juggles the string to an int first).<br>";
    } else {
        echo "== says they are NOT equal.<br>";
    }

    if ($intOne === $strOne) {
        echo "=== says they are equal.<br>";
    } else {
        echo "=== says they are NOT equal (strict comparison also checks the type, and int != string).<br>";
    }
?>


Output:
== says they are equal (loose comparison juggles the string to an int first).
=== says they are NOT equal (strict comparison also checks the type, and int != string).

Notes:
- == juggles "1" into the integer 1 before comparing, so the values
  match and the comparison is true.
- === refuses to juggle anything - it requires both the value and the
  type to already match. Since one operand is an int and the other is
  a string, they can never be === equal no matter what the values are.
- This is exactly the distinction the chapter's own warn-box flags as
  the single most important type-juggling habit to build early.