Challenge 2 — Solution

Task: Predict, then verify with var_dump, the result of each: "10" + 5,
"10" . 5, "3.5" + "1.5", and (int)"7 apples". Write a one-sentence
explanation for each result.

<?php
    var_dump("10" + 5);
    var_dump("10" . 5);
    var_dump("3.5" + "1.5");
    var_dump((int)"7 apples");
?>


Output:
int(15)
string(3) "105"
float(5)
int(7)

Explanations:
- "10" + 5 -> int(15). The + operator forces PHP to treat "10" as a
  number, so it's juggled to the integer 10 and added to 5.
- "10" . 5 -> string(3) "105". The . operator is string concatenation,
  not addition, so both values are treated as text and joined together.
- "3.5" + "1.5" -> float(5). Both numeric strings represent decimal
  values, so PHP juggles them to floats for the addition, giving a
  float result even though 5 has no visible decimal part.
- (int)"7 apples" -> int(7). PHP's numeric-string casting reads as many
  leading digits as it can find and ignores the rest of the string
  entirely, rather than raising an error.