Exercise 1: Ubuntu Guide, CentOS Server — Possible Solution ==================================================================== WHAT'S LIKELY GOING ON ------------------------------ Per this chapter, "Debian/Ubuntu-family distros and RHEL/CentOS-family distros use different conventional filenames for the same underlying log" - specifically naming "auth.log vs. secure" as one of the exact pairs that differs. The guide isn't wrong, and the server isn't missing its authentication log - the guide was simply written for a different distro family than the one actually being used, so it references that family's own filename convention instead of CentOS's. WHY THE FILE APPEARS "MISSING" ------------------------------ Per this chapter, this is "a real, common way to end up looking for a file that simply doesn't exist on the system in front of you" - not because the log itself doesn't exist, but because /var/log/auth.log specifically is the Debian/Ubuntu name, and that exact filename was never going to exist on a CentOS system in the first place. WHAT FILE TO CHECK INSTEAD ------------------------------ Per this chapter's own table, the RHEL/CentOS equivalent authentication log is /var/log/secure - the same underlying category of event (logins, sudo usage), just filed under the naming convention that distro family actually uses. WHY THIS WORKS AS AN ANSWER ------------------------------ It correctly identifies the distro-naming-convention mismatch as the actual cause rather than a genuinely missing log, and correctly names /var/log/secure as the CentOS equivalent per this chapter's own table.