Exercise 1: Sampling Outside a Park — Possible Solution
==========================================================

This is a convenience sample - a non-probability sampling method
where respondents are chosen simply because they're easy to reach,
not because every member of the target population had any real chance
of being selected.

The specific problem here is that standing outside the park and
surveying passersby only reaches people who are already at, or near,
the park at that specific time. By definition, this systematically
excludes an entire real segment of city residents: anyone who dislikes
the current park, avoids the area, lives too far away to visit
casually, or simply has no interest in parks at all. Those excluded
residents are not a random subset of the city - they are likely to
have systematically different opinions about the park proposal
(potentially more negative, or simply indifferent) than the people who
happened to be standing there.

This mirrors the Literary Digest's own real mistake: the sampling
method itself, not any error in how individual answers were recorded,
determines who gets a voice in the result. A survey location chosen
for convenience rather than representativeness produces a sample that
looks like "public opinion" but is actually only the opinion of
people who were already inclined to be near the park.

ANSWER: This is a convenience sample. It systematically excludes
residents who don't visit the park - people who dislike it, live far
away, or have no interest in it - meaning the collected opinions
likely skew more favorable toward the park than the true opinion of
all city residents, the same underlying problem (an unrepresentative
sample frame) that doomed the Literary Digest poll.

WHY THIS WORKS AS AN ANSWER
------------------------------
This correctly names the sampling method and explains the specific,
concrete mechanism by which the sample location itself excludes a real
segment of the target population, directly answering what was asked.