Challenge 1: Write a Basic Resource — Possible Solution
====================================================================

# php artisan make:resource AuthorResource

// app/Http/Resources/AuthorResource.php

namespace App\Http\Resources;

use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Http\Resources\Json\JsonResource;

class AuthorResource extends JsonResource
{
    public function toArray(Request $request): array
    {
        return [
            'id' => $this->id,
            'name' => $this->name,
            'bio' => $this->bio,
        ];
    }
}

// app/Http/Controllers/AuthorController.php

use App\Http\Resources\AuthorResource;
use App\Models\Author;

public function index()
{
    return AuthorResource::collection(Author::all());
}

# Example response for GET /authors:
# {
#   "data": [
#     { "id": 1, "name": "Ursula K. Le Guin", "bio": "..." },
#     { "id": 2, "name": "Octavia E. Butler", "bio": "..." }
#   ]
# }

WHY THIS WORKS
--------------
- toArray() explicitly lists exactly which fields to include (id, name,
  bio) — like ModelForm.Meta.fields and DRF's serializer fields, this is
  an intentional allowlist: any other column on the Author model (like an
  internal timestamp not meant for the API, or a future sensitive field)
  simply isn't exposed unless it's added here deliberately.
- $this inside a Resource's toArray() refers to the underlying model
  instance being wrapped — $this->id and $this->name access the Author
  model's actual attributes directly, the same as accessing them on the
  model itself.
- AuthorResource::collection(Author::all()) wraps an entire Eloquent
  Collection, automatically producing a {"data": [...]} envelope with
  one transformed object per Author — the plural collection() method
  handles the iteration, so toArray() only needs to describe the shape
  of ONE item.