Challenge 1: Write Inline Validation — Possible Solution
====================================================================

// app/Http/Controllers/AuthorController.php

use App\Models\Author;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;

public function store(Request $request)
{
    $validated = $request->validate([
        'name' => 'required|string|max:100',
        'bio'  => 'nullable|string',
    ]);

    $author = Author::create($validated);

    return redirect()->route('authors.show', $author);
}

<!-- resources/views/authors/create.blade.php -->

<form method="POST" action="{{ route('authors.store') }}">
  @csrf
  <input type="text" name="name" value="{{ old('name') }}">
  @error('name')
    <p class="error">{{ $message }}</p>
  @enderror

  <textarea name="bio">{{ old('bio') }}</textarea>

  <button type="submit">Save</button>
</form>

WHY THIS WORKS
--------------
- 'name' => 'required|string|max:100' enforces three rules at once via
  the pipe-separated string syntax: the field must be present, must be a
  string, and must not exceed 100 characters — a request missing "name"
  entirely, or submitting one 200 characters long, both fail validation
  automatically.
- 'bio' => 'nullable|string' allows bio to be omitted or empty (nullable)
  while still requiring it to be a string IF it is present — without
  nullable, an empty bio field would fail the implicit "required" rules
  don't have by default, but omitting it entirely is what nullable
  explicitly permits.
- $request->validate([...]) either returns the validated data (as
  $validated here) or automatically redirects back with errors and old
  input flashed to the session — there's no explicit if/else branching
  needed the way Django's Form.is_valid() requires, because a failed
  validation never lets execution reach the line after validate() at all.
- Author::create($validated) only receives the two validated fields —
  name and bio — matching Author's own $fillable array from Chapter 5,
  the same two-layer defense (validation + $fillable) the chapter
  describes.