Exercise 4: Fix the Crash — Possible Solution
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# The original line:
#   print("You have " + 3 + " new messages")
# crashes with TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "int") to str
# — Python's + operator refuses to mix a string and an int, unlike
# Java or JavaScript, which would silently convert 3 to "3" for you.

# Fix 1 — concatenation, with an explicit str() around the number
print("You have " + str(3) + " new messages")

# Fix 2 — f-string, no str() needed at all
print(f"You have {3} new messages")

Output:
You have 3 new messages
You have 3 new messages

WHY THIS WORKS AS AN ANSWER
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The crash happens because + is Python's string-concatenation operator
ONLY when every operand is already a string — it has no built-in
"stringify this for me" behaviour the way Java's + or JavaScript's +
does. str(3) converts the integer to the string "3" first, which
makes every operand in the expression a string and lets + succeed.
The f-string version sidesteps the whole problem: {3} is evaluated
and converted to text automatically by the f-string machinery, so
there's no + operator involved at all and nothing to crash.