Exercise 1: Three Ways, One Line — Possible Solution
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city = "Leeds"
population = 812000

# Concatenation
print(city + " has a population of " + str(population))

# .format()
print("{} has a population of {}".format(city, population))

# f-string
print(f"{city} has a population of {population}")

Output:
Leeds has a population of 812000
Leeds has a population of 812000
Leeds has a population of 812000

WHY THIS WORKS AS AN ANSWER
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All three lines produce identical output because they all end up
building the same string, just by different mechanisms. The
concatenation version needs an explicit str(population) since + can't
mix a string and an int directly. The .format() version relies on
positional placeholders {} being filled in left-to-right by the
arguments passed to .format(). The f-string version needs neither a
str() call nor placeholder counting — population is simply dropped
into {population} and Python converts it automatically, which is why
f-strings are the shortest and least error-prone of the three.