Exercise 3: Two Real Mechanisms, Two Genuinely Different Real Constraints — Possible Solution
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This exercise asks what Saudi Arabia's Allegiance Council and Jordan's
elected House of Representatives each actually constrain, and what
each leaves completely untouched.

WHAT THE ALLEGIANCE COUNCIL ACTUALLY CONSTRAINS
The Allegiance Council, formally constituted in December 2007,
constrains exactly one decision: who becomes the next King (and Crown
Prince). Before it existed, a reigning king could choose a successor
purely on his own discretion. Since the Council exists, that choice
requires a real, recorded majority among representatives of Ibn Saud's
own sons - verified directly by the real 2017 case in this chapter,
where 31 of 34 Council members approved King Salman's choice of
Mohammed bin Salman as Crown Prince.

WHAT THE ALLEGIANCE COUNCIL LEAVES COMPLETELY UNTOUCHED
The Council has no role at all in day-to-day governance once a king is
in place - it does not check legislation, appoint ministers, approve a
budget, or constrain any of the King's own real, ongoing executive and
legislative authority. Its entire real function is narrow: one
decision, succession, and nothing else.

WHAT JORDAN'S ELECTED HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ACTUALLY CONSTRAINS
The House of Representatives is a real, standing, elected body that
exists continuously, not just at one decision point. It has a genuine
role in the ordinary, ongoing legislative process - unlike Saudi
Arabia's fully appointed Shura Council, its own members are chosen
directly by voters, giving it a real, independent source of legitimacy
the King did not personally grant.

WHAT THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES LEAVES COMPLETELY UNTOUCHED
The House does not choose or dismiss the Prime Minister - the King
appoints and may dismiss the Prime Minister directly, without that
choice depending on the House's own confidence. It also has zero real
role in the specific appointments the 2016 constitutional amendments
placed under the King's own unchecked authority (the Constitutional
Court, the Chief Justice, the army commander, intelligence and
gendarmerie leadership) - those decisions bypass the elected chamber
entirely.

ANSWER: The Allegiance Council constrains one specific, recurring
decision (royal succession) through a real, recorded collective vote,
but has zero role in ongoing governance once a king is in place.
Jordan's House of Representatives is a real, continuously operating
elected body with a genuine role in ordinary lawmaking, but has no
power over who becomes Prime Minister and no role at all in the
judicial and security appointments the 2016 amendments placed solely in
the King's own hands. Each mechanism constrains a genuinely different,
narrow slice of power, and both leave the reigning monarch's own core
executive authority substantially intact.

WHY THIS WORKS AS AN ANSWER
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It treats "constrains royal power" as a question with a specific,
checkable answer for each mechanism - naming exactly which decision
each one covers and which decisions each one has no say over at all -
rather than treating either institution as a general, undifferentiated
check on the monarchy as a whole.