MUSIC THEORY FUNDAMENTALS - Chapter 5, Exercise 2 Solution
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Building the G7 (Dominant 7th) Chord

PROBLEM
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A dominant 7th chord is a major triad plus a minor 7th. Build the
dominant 7th chord on G (i.e. G7), and name all four notes.

SOLUTION
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Step 1 - Build the G major triad (major 3rd + minor 3rd, per this
chapter's own triad table):

    G -> B    (G to B is 4 semitones = major 3rd)
    B -> D    (B to D is 3 semitones = minor 3rd)

    G major triad = G - B - D

Step 2 - Add a minor 7th above the root, G. A minor 7th is 10 semitones
above the root (per Chapter 4's own semitone-count table):

    G + 10 semitones = F

    (counting up from G: G#/Ab, A, A#/Bb, B, C, C#/Db, D, D#/Eb, E, F
     - that's 10 half steps, landing on F)

ANSWER: The G7 (dominant 7th) chord is G-B-D-F.

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WHY THIS WORKS AS AN ANSWER

This matches the chapter's own stated definition and example pattern
exactly - the dominant 7th chord on C was shown as C-E-G-Bb (a major
triad, C-E-G, plus a minor 7th above the root, Bb). Building G7 the same
way produces the identical structure one perfect fifth higher: G major
triad (G-B-D) plus F, the minor 7th above G - the same major-triad-plus-
flatted-seventh pattern that defines every dominant 7th chord regardless
of which root it's built on.