Exercise 1: Exactly 4 Incidents With lambda=2 — Possible Solution ==================================================================== GIVEN ------------------------------ lambda = 2, k = 4 STEP 1: lambda^k ------------------------------ 2^4 = 16 STEP 2: e^-lambda ------------------------------ e^-2 ~= 0.1353 STEP 3: k! ------------------------------ 4! = 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 24 STEP 4: COMBINING ------------------------------ P(X=4) = (lambda^k x e^-lambda) / k! = (16 x 0.1353) / 24 ~= 2.165 / 24 ~= 0.0902 (about 9.02%) WHY THIS WORKS AS AN ANSWER ------------------------------ Each of the three terms in this chapter's own Poisson formula is computed separately - the rate raised to the observed count, the decay factor e^-lambda, and the normalizing factorial - before being combined, matching the chapter's own worked request-arrival example step by step (which used the same lambda=2 and produced the identical numeric result for k=4, since it's the same calculation).