linguistics1-9 Exercise 3: Three Registers =========================================== One possible set: To a manager: I apologise, but I will be late this morning, as my train has been cancelled. I expect to arrive by ten. To a colleague: Running late, my train's been cancelled. Should be in by ten. To a friend: Train's cancelled, ugh. Be there in a bit. Features that differ (any two): - Contractions and omitted subjects ("Running late", "Train's") appear as the register gets less formal. - Vocabulary: "apologise" and "expect to arrive" against "ugh" and "in a bit". - Sentence length and structure: full clauses against fragments. - Politeness markers: the apology and "I will" in the formal version. Register built into grammar (one example is enough): German du (friends) against Sie (manager): the pronoun and the verb ending both change (kommst / kommen). Hungarian te against Ön, with different verb forms. Japanese plain forms against polite -masu forms against honorific keigo; the whole verb changes. French tu against vous. Your wording will differ; check that the formality matches the audience.