linguistics1-8 Exercise 2: Classifying Meaning Change ====================================================== (a) meat: "food" -> flesh NARROWING (a wide sense became specific) (b) nice: "foolish" -> pleasant AMELIORATION (more positive) (c) silly: "blessed" -> foolish PEJORATION (more negative) (d) hound: "dog" -> hunting dog NARROWING An English word with two borrowed near-synonyms (any of these will do): help (Old English) / aid (French) / assist (Latin) ask (Old English) / question (French) / interrogate (Latin) begin (Old English) / commence (French) / initiate (Latin) The French and Latin words tend to sound more formal, because they entered the language through law, the church and learning.