linguistics1-2  Exercise 1: Transcribing Consonants
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Consonants are the same in most accents. The vowels below follow a standard
British pronunciation; yours may differ and that is fine.

  fish     [fɪʃ]        f = labiodental fricative; ʃ = sh
  thing    [θɪŋ]        θ = th; ŋ = ng
  judge    [dʒʌdʒ]      dʒ at both ends (spelled j and dge)
  measure  [ˈmɛʒə]      ʒ = the s of measure; the final -ure is just ə
  cheese   [tʃiːz]      tʃ = ch; the final s is [z], not [s]
  the      [ðə]         ð = voiced th; ə = schwa when unstressed

Which words contain a single sound spelled with two letters?

  fish    : sh = [ʃ]
  thing   : th = [θ] and ng = [ŋ]
  cheese  : ch = [tʃ]
  the     : th = [ð]
  judge   : dg = [dʒ] (two letters, plus the j)

Notice that "cheese" ends in the sound [z] although the spelling shows s,
and that "judge" has the same sound at both ends with two different spellings.
This is exactly why a phonetic alphabet is needed: it records what is said,
not how it is spelled.