klingon_grammar1-2 Exercise 3: English and Non-English Sounds ============================================================== Standard English has: ng as in "sing" (Klingon lets it start a word, English does not) ' a glottal stop, as in "uh-oh" (not a letter in English, but the sound occurs; Scots and Cockney speakers use it for "bottle") Standard English lacks (with a comparison): H the rasp of Scots "loch", German "Bach" gh the throaty sound of the French or Dutch r; also Arabic "ghayn" q a k made further back: Arabic and Quechua have it Q a q released with friction: related to Georgian and Quechua stops (any similar example from your reading is fine) tlh a t and an l said together: Welsh "ll" is similar; Nahuatl "tl" D a d with the tongue tip curled back: found in Hindi and other languages of India (see the retroflex sounds in Chapter 2 of Introduction to Linguistics) S a curled-back s/sh: found in Mandarin (the "sh" of "shi") and Polish Many answers are possible; the point is that each sound exists in some natural language, so none is "impossible", just unfamiliar.