Learning & Education

Japanese Basic Conversation 4

Chapter 5 ยท Learning & Education: Courses, Studying & Exams

๐ŸŽ“ Learning & Education โ€” ใพใชใถ

This chapter is about studying: joining a course, going to a cram school (ใ˜ใ‚…ใ), paying fees, sitting exams and hearing the results. The new pattern is ใ€œใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ("so that, in order to"), and we revisit ใ€œใŸใ‚ใซ and ใ€œใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹. There is no romaji except in the vocabulary table. Each dialog is followed by a Words note with English meanings.

โ‘  Joining a Course โ€” ใ“ใ†ใ–

A: I'd like to join a Japanese course.
B: Which level? Have you ever studied Japanese?
A: Yes, I studied for one year.
B: Then please take a placement test first.
A: How much are the fees?
B: 30,000 yen for three months.
Words: ใ“ใ†ใ– course ยท ใ•ใ‚“ใ‹ใ—ใพใ™ take part ยท ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใ‚ใ‘ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆ placement test ยท ใ†ใ‘ใพใ™ take (a test) ยท ใŒใใฒ tuition fees

โ‘ก The Cram School โ€” ใ˜ใ‚…ใ

A: Does your son go to a cram school?
B: Yes, three times a week.
A: That's hard work.
B: He's working hard now in order to pass into high school.
A: When is the exam?
B: February next year.
Words: ใ˜ใ‚…ใ cram school ยท ใ‹ใ‚ˆใ„ใพใ™ attend regularly ยท ใ“ใ†ใ“ใ† high school ยท ใ”ใ†ใ‹ใใ—ใพใ™ pass (an exam) ยท ใŒใ‚“ใฐใ‚Šใพใ™ do one's best

โ‘ข Studying Tips โ€” ในใ‚“ใใ‚‡ใ†ใฎ ใ“ใค

A: How can I remember kanji?
B: It's good to write a little every day.
A: I make cards so that I don't forget.
B: Nice. Try to look at them before bed.
A: Understood. I'll try.
B: Enjoying it so you keep going is what matters.
Words: ใŠใผใˆใพใ™ memorise ยท ใ™ใ“ใ—ใšใค little by little ยท ใ‚ใ™ใ‚Œใพใ™ forget ยท ใคใฅใ‘ใพใ™ continue ยท ใ“ใค knack

โ‘ฃ Exam Results โ€” ใ‘ใฃใ‹

A: How were the exam results?
B: I passed!
A: Congratulations! You worked hard.
B: Thank you. My friend failed.
A: That's a pity. They can try again.
B: Yes, they said they'd take it once more next year.
Words: ใ‘ใฃใ‹ result ยท ใ”ใ†ใ‹ใ / ใตใ”ใ†ใ‹ใ pass / fail ยท ใ–ใ‚“ใญใ‚“ a pity ยท ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใพใ™ challenge, try ยท ใ‚‚ใ† ใ„ใกใฉ once more

โ‘ค The School Year โ€” ใ‚ใŸใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ ใŒใฃใ

A: When do schools in Japan start?
B: In April. It's cherry blossom season.
A: Is the entrance ceremony in April too?
B: Yes. The graduation ceremony is in March.
A: Is the summer holiday long?
B: From the end of July to the end of August.
Words: ใฏใ˜ใพใ‚Šใพใ™ begin ยท ใใ›ใค season ยท ใซใ‚…ใ†ใŒใใ—ใ entrance ceremony ยท ใใคใŽใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใ graduation ceremony ยท ใชใคใ‚„ใ™ใฟ summer holiday

โ‘ฅ Between Friends (casual) โ€” ใจใ‚‚ใ ใกใจ

A: The test's tomorrow. Did you study?
B: Not at all. I'm drinking coffee so I don't fall asleep.
A: What, starting now? That's bad.
B: It's fine, lend me your notes.
Words: ใœใ‚“ใœใ‚“ not at all ยท ใ‚„ใฐใ„ that's bad (slang) ยท ใƒŽใƒผใƒˆ notebook ยท ใ‹ใ—ใฆ lend me (casual)

๐Ÿ”‘ Key Phrases โ€” ใ ใ„ใ˜ใช ใฒใ‚‡ใ†ใ’ใ‚“

EnglishPoliteCasual
Congratulations!
Good luck!
I passed.
I failed.
Please teach me.
I don't understand.

๐Ÿ”ค Three Verbs โ€” ใฉใ†ใ—

VerbPolitePlainใชใ„-formใฆ-form
to pass (an exam) (G1 ยท irregular ใ™ใ‚‹-verb)
to memorise (G2)
to attend regularly (G1)

๐Ÿงฐ Grammar Tools โ€” ใถใ‚“ใฝใ†

1. ใ€œใ‚ˆใ†ใซ: so that, in order to

Use ใ€œใ‚ˆใ†ใซ for a goal you cannot fully control, or for a negative goal. It follows a plain verb, often the ใชใ„-form or a potential verb: "I note it down so that I don't forget"; "I sit close so that I can hear well".

PatternMeaningExample
plain verb + ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ + actionso that
ใชใ„-form + ใ‚ˆใ†ใซso that not
potential + ใ‚ˆใ†ใซso that I can
plain verb + ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ใ—ใฆ ใใ ใ•ใ„please try to

2. ใ€œใŸใ‚ใซ vs. ใ€œใ‚ˆใ†ใซ

Both mean "in order to". ใ€œใŸใ‚ใซ goes with an action you do on purpose (), as taught in Japanese Basic Conversation 4 1. ใ€œใ‚ˆใ†ใซ goes with a result or ability, often not fully in your control ().

Use ใ€œใŸใ‚ใซ whenโ€ฆUse ใ€œใ‚ˆใ†ใซ whenโ€ฆ
the goal is a deliberate action (ใ™ใ‚‹)the goal is a state or ability (ใงใใ‚‹, ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹, ใชใ„-form)

3. ใ€œใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ revisited

You met ใ€œใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ ("have done before") in earlier courses. It works here for study and exams: "I have taken a Japanese exam"; the negative is . It tells a past experience, whereas tells one event.

QuestionAnswer
Watch out: ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ needs a plain verb Never put ใพใ™ before ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ. Say ใ‚ใ™ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ, not ใ‚ใ™ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ, in an ordinary sentence. (ใ€œใพใ™ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ does exist, as a wish: ใ”ใ†ใ‹ใใงใใพใ™ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ "may I pass", written on shrine plaques.)

๐Ÿ“ฐ Reading โ€” ใ‚ˆใฟใ‚‚ใฎ

Read the text with kanji (readings in brackets). If it's too hard, open the kana-only version below it. Then answer the true/false questions.

ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชž(ใซใปใ‚“ใ”)ใฎ ใ—ใ‘ใ‚“

Show the kana-only version

English: Last December I took the Japanese-Language Proficiency Test. I began studying in April. So that I wouldn't forget, I wrote ten kanji every day. After work I went to a Japanese school twice a week. Studying with my classmates was fun. On the day of the test I was very nervous. But I breathed deeply so that I would calm down. A month later the result arrived. It said "pass"! I was so happy that I phoned my family at once. Next I want to try a harder exam.

Words: ใใ‚“ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใพใ™ be nervous ยท ใŠใกใคใใพใ™ calm down ยท ใ„ใใ‚’ ใ—ใพใ™ breathe ยท ใ‹ใžใ family ยท ใฎใ†ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ ability

1. The writer began studying in December.

Show answer

False: they began in April; December was the exam.

2. They wrote kanji every day to avoid forgetting.

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True: ใ‚ใ™ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซโ€ฆๆ›ธใใพใ—ใŸ.

3. They attended school twice a week.

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True: ้€ฑใซไบŒๅ›ž.

4. They failed the exam.

Show answer

False: the result was ๅˆๆ ผ (pass).

๐Ÿ“– Vocabulary โ€” ใ”ใ„

20 key words for studying. This table is the only place with romaji: use the Say it column.

#JapaneseSay itEnglishType
1kลzacourse (of lessons)noun
2jukucram schoolnoun
3shikenexamnoun
4gลkakupassingnoun
5fugลkakufailingnoun
6gakuhituition feesnoun
7kekkaresultnoun
8nyลซgakuentering a schoolnoun
9sotsugyลgraduationnoun
10jugyลclass, lessonnoun
11shukudaihomeworknoun
12nลtonotebooknoun
13gakkischool termnoun
14kayoimasuattend regularlyverb
15ukemasutake (a test)verb
16oboemasumemoriseverb
17wasuremasuforgetverb
18tsuzukemasucontinueverb
19ganbarimasudo one's bestverb
20chลsen shimasuchallenge, tryverb
Real Japanese Tip โ€” The School Year The Japanese school year starts in April and ends in March, with entrance ceremonies (ใซใ‚…ใ†ใŒใใ—ใ) in April and graduation (ใใคใŽใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใ) in March. Many companies also start new employees in April, so spring means new beginnings. Terms and holidays differ a little between regions and schools.
Real Japanese Tip โ€” Cram Schools ใ˜ใ‚…ใ are private after-school classes that many pupils attend to prepare for entrance exams, often in the evening or at weekends. There are also adult classes for languages and qualifications. Fees and styles vary a lot, so compare a few and ask for a trial lesson.
Kanji Spotlight โ€” ๅญ and ๆ–ฐ ๅญ (ko, shi, child) appears in ใ“ใฉใ‚‚ and in pupils' names, and ๆ–ฐ (atarashii, shin, new) is the "new" of ๆ–ฐๅญฆๆœŸ (new term). Have a look: ๅญ โ–ธ ยท ๆ–ฐ โ–ธ

โœ๏ธ Try It Yourself โ€” ใ‚Œใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…ใ†

Say each answer out loud first, then click to check.

1. Say "I study every day so that I can speak Japanese."

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2. Say "I set an alarm so that I don't oversleep."

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3. Ask "Have you ever taken a Japanese exam?"

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4. Which fits: ใ”ใ†ใ‹ใใ™ใ‚‹ (ใŸใ‚ใซ / ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ) ในใ‚“ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใพใ™?

Show answer

, because ใ”ใ†ใ‹ใใ™ใ‚‹ is a deliberate action. (ใ”ใ†ใ‹ใใงใใ‚‹ ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ is also fine.)

5. Congratulate a friend who passed.

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6. When does the Japanese school year start?

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In April ().