Driving & Cars

Japanese Basic Conversation 4

Chapter 3 ยท Driving & Cars: Renting, Fuel, Repairs & Traffic Rules

๐Ÿš— Driving & Cars โ€” ใ†ใ‚“ใฆใ‚“

Outside the big cities, a hired car is often the best way to see Japan, and the rules of the road are a good place to practise prohibitions and obligations. This chapter covers renting a car, filling up, using an expressway, parking and the rules, together with the new pattern ใ€œใฆใฏ ใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ ("must not") and a review of ใ€œใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐ ใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ("must"). You also learn to recognise road signs in kanji. Japan drives on the left, as in Britain. There is no romaji except in the vocabulary table. Each dialog is followed by a Words note with English meanings.

โ‘  Renting a Car โ€” ใƒฌใƒณใ‚ฟใ‚ซใƒผ

A: I'd like to rent a car.
B: Do you have an international driving permit?
A: Yes, I do. And here's my passport.
B: How many days will you rent it?
A: Three days. Do I have to take out insurance too?
B: Yes, please be sure to. And please return it with a full tank.
Words: ใ“ใใ•ใ„ใ‚ใ‚“ใใ‚‡ใ—ใ‚‡ใ† international driving permit ยท ใŠใ‚‚ใกใงใ™ใ‹ do you have? (polite) ยท ใปใ‘ใ‚“ insurance ยท ใพใ‚“ใ‚ฟใƒณ full tank ยท ใ‹ใˆใ™ return

โ‘ก At the Petrol Station โ€” ใ‚ฌใ‚ฝใƒชใƒณใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒณใƒ‰

A: Regular, fill it up, please.
B: Certainly. It's full service, so please wait.
A: Is this a self-service station? (at another station)
B: Yes. Please fill it yourself.
B: You must not smoke near here.
A: Understood.
Words: ใƒฌใ‚ฎใƒฅใƒฉใƒผ regular petrol ยท ใƒ•ใƒซใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚น full service ยท ใ‚ปใƒซใƒ• self-service ยท ใ˜ใถใ‚“ใง by oneself ยท ใ™ใ† smoke

โ‘ข The Rules of the Road โ€” ใ“ใ†ใคใ†ใƒซใƒผใƒซ

A: In Japan, cars drive on the left.
B: The same as Britain.
A: You must always wear a seat belt.
B: In the back seat too?
A: Yes. And you must not use your phone while driving.
B: And you mustn't drive after drinking, right?
Words: ใฒใ ใ‚ŠใŒใ‚ left side ยท ใŠใชใ˜ the same ยท ใ‚ทใƒผใƒˆใƒ™ใƒซใƒˆ seat belt ยท ใ†ใ—ใ‚ใฎ ใ›ใ back seat ยท ใ€œใกใ‚…ใ† while, in the middle of

โ‘ฃ The Expressway โ€” ใ“ใ†ใใใฉใ†ใ‚

A: I'd like to get on the expressway.
B: Do you have an ETC card?
A: No, I don't.
B: You don't need an ETC card, but you must go through the "general" gate.
A: Where do I pay the toll?
B: You pay at the exit gate.
Words: ใ“ใ†ใใใฉใ†ใ‚ expressway ยท ETC electronic toll card system ยท ใ„ใฃใฑใ‚“ general ยท ใ‚ฒใƒผใƒˆ gate ยท ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†ใใ‚“ fee, toll ยท ใงใใก exit

โ‘ค Parking and Signs โ€” ใกใ‚…ใ†ใ—ใ‚ƒ

A: May I park here?
B: No, parking is prohibited. Look at that sign.
A: You're right. Where is the car park?
B: Turn right at the corner ahead.
B: Then go straight. It's on the left.
Words: ใกใ‚…ใ†ใ—ใ‚ƒใใ‚“ใ— no parking ยท ใฒใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใ sign ยท ใกใ‚…ใ†ใ—ใ‚ƒใ˜ใ‚‡ใ† car park ยท ใ‹ใฉ corner ยท ใพใŒใ‚‹ turn ยท ใพใฃใ™ใ straight

โ‘ฅ Between Friends (casual) โ€” ใจใ‚‚ใ ใกใจ

A: Can I drive?
B: No! You had beer just now, didn't you?
A: Oh, right. Sorry.
B: Why don't we take a taxi home?
Words: ใ„ใ„? may I? ยท ใ ใ‚ not allowed ยท ใ•ใฃใ a little while ago ยท ใ€œใงใ—ใ‚‡ isn't that so?

๐Ÿ”‘ Key Phrases โ€” ใ ใ„ใ˜ใช ใฒใ‚‡ใ†ใ’ใ‚“

EnglishPolite (ใงใ™ / ใพใ™)Casual (friends)
You must not park here.
You must wear a seat belt.
May I park here?
Fill it up, please.
Turn right at the corner.
Don't drive after drinking.

๐Ÿ”ค Three Verbs โ€” ใฉใ†ใ—

VerbPolitePlainใชใ„-formใฆ-form
to stop, park (G2)
to turn (G1)
to pass through (G1)

๐Ÿงฐ Grammar Tools โ€” ใถใ‚“ใฝใ†

1. ใ€œใฆใฏ ใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“: "must not"

To say that something is forbidden, take the ใฆ-form and add ใฏ ใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“: "You must not park here." It was shown for recognition in Japanese Basic Conversation 3 6; now it is a pattern you can use. In casual speech it becomes ใ€œใกใ‚ƒ ใ ใ‚ or ใ€œใฆใฏ ใ ใ‚:

You meanPatternExample
may I?ใฆ-form + ใ‚‚ ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹
you mayใฆ-form + ใ‚‚ ใ„ใ„ใงใ™
you must notใฆ-form + ใฏ ใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“
please don't (request)ใชใ„-form + ใง ใใ ใ•ใ„
casual: must notใฆ-form + ใฏ ใ ใ‚ / ใกใ‚ƒ ใ ใ‚

Casual ใ€œใกใ‚ƒ is ใ€œใฆใฏ shortened (ใจใ‚ใฆใฏ โ†’ ใจใ‚ใกใ‚ƒ; with ใง-form verbs, ใ€œใ˜ใ‚ƒ: ใฎใ‚“ใงใฏ โ†’ ใฎใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚ƒ). A sign that prohibits something often just uses a noun with ใใ‚“ใ— ("prohibited"): , .

2. ใ€œใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐ ใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“: obligations on the road

You learned ใ€œใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐ ใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ in Japanese Basic Conversation 3 6. The ใชใ„-form drops ใ„ and adds ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐ ใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“. Road rules use it a lot:

RuleJapanese
You must drive on the left.
You must stop at a red light.
You must wear a seat belt.
You must carry your licence.
You need not pay.
Watch out: ใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ is stronger than ใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€œใชใ„ใง ใใ ใ•ใ„ asks someone not to do something and is a polite request. ใ€œใฆใฏ ใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ states a rule: it is what a sign, an officer or a regulation says. Do not use ใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ in everyday requests to colleagues; use ใชใ„ใง ใใ ใ•ใ„.

3. Road signs in kanji (recognition)

You do not have to write these, but you will meet them on the road. Learn to recognise the whole word at a glance.

SignReadingMeaning
ใจใพใ‚Œstop (red triangle sign)
ใกใ‚…ใ†ใ—ใ‚ƒใใ‚“ใ—no parking
ใ„ใฃใฝใ†ใคใ†ใ“ใ†one-way street
ใ—ใ‚“ใซใ‚…ใ†ใใ‚“ใ—no entry
ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ“ใ†slow down
ใ“ใ†ใ˜ใกใ‚…ใ†road works
ใ“ใ†ใใใฉใ†ใ‚expressway
ใงใใก / ใ„ใ‚Šใใกexit / entrance
ใพใ‚“ใ—ใ‚ƒ / ใใ†ใ—ใ‚ƒcar park full / spaces available
ใฎใผใ‚Š / ใใ ใ‚Šinbound (towards Tokyo) / outbound

The word ใ‚†ใ†ใ›ใ‚“ใฉใ†ใ‚ (priority road) is the road that has the right of way at a junction; the road meeting it must give way or stop. Look for the sign ๆญขใพใ‚Œ on the minor road.

๐Ÿ“ฐ Reading โ€” ใ‚ˆใฟใ‚‚ใฎ

Read the text with kanji (readings in brackets). If it's too hard, open the kana-only version below it. Then answer the true/false questions.

ใซใปใ‚“ใง ใ†ใ‚“ใฆใ‚“

Show the kana-only version

English: Last summer I rented a car in Hokkaido. Japanese cars drive on the left, so it's the same as Britain. But the road signs are in kanji, so at first I didn't understand them well. At a "stop" sign you must always stop. You must not park where it says "no parking". Many petrol stations are self-service, so I put in the petrol myself. A member of staff said "You must not smoke here." On expressways you can drive without an ETC card, but you must go through the general gate. The drive was fun.

Words: ใฏใ—ใ‚Œใพใ™ can drive (a recognition form) ยท ใƒ‰ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ– drive

1. The writer rented a car in Hokkaido.

Show answer

True: ใปใฃใ‹ใ„ใฉใ†ใง ใƒฌใƒณใ‚ฟใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’ ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ.

2. Japanese cars drive on the right.

Show answer

False: they drive on the left, as in Britain.

3. You may park where there is a ้ง่ปŠ็ฆๆญข sign.

Show answer

False: ใใ‚‹ใพใ‚’ ใจใ‚ใฆใฏ ใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“.

4. You need an ETC card to use the expressway.

Show answer

False: you can drive without one, but you must use the general gate.

๐Ÿ“– Vocabulary โ€” ใ”ใ„

20 key words for driving. This table is the only place with romaji: use the Say it column.

#JapaneseSay itEnglishType
1rentakฤrental carnoun
2unten menkyodriving licencenoun
3gasorinpetrolnoun
4mantanfull tanknoun
5kลsoku dลroexpresswaynoun
6ฤซ-tฤซ-shฤซelectronic toll card systemnoun
7chลซshajลcar parknoun
8shingลtraffic lightnoun
9hyลshikiroad signnoun
10kลsatenjunctionnoun
11shฤซto berutoseat beltnoun
12jikoaccidentnoun
13kinshiprohibitionnoun
14kadocornernoun
15yลซsen dลropriority roadnoun
16unten shimasudriveverb
17tomemasustop, parkverb
18magarimasuturnverb
19tลrimasupass throughverb
20watarimasucrossverb
Real Japanese Tip โ€” The International Permit A visitor driving in Japan normally needs an international driving permit (ใ“ใใ•ใ„ใ‚ใ‚“ใใ‚‡ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†) issued before leaving home, in a form Japan accepts, together with their own licence and passport. Rules differ by country, so check the official Japanese requirements for your country before you travel. A Japanese translation of a foreign licence is another route that some visitors use.
Real Japanese Tip โ€” Rules to Know Japan drives on the left, as in Britain, and has strict rules against drinking and driving (in practice, zero alcohol if you are driving). Using a hand-held phone while driving is prohibited, and seat belts are required in all seats. Speed limits are low by European standards, with typical limits of 40 or 50 km/h on ordinary roads and 100 km/h on expressways, but always follow the signs. Expressway tolls can be high, and service areas (ใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นใ‚จใƒชใ‚ข) are good places to rest.
Kanji Spotlight โ€” ไธŠ and ไธ‹ On an expressway you see ไธŠใ‚Š (nobori, inbound, usually towards Tokyo) and ไธ‹ใ‚Š (kudari, outbound). ไธŠ (ue, jล, up, above) and ไธ‹ (shita, ka, down, below) are also used in ไธŠใ‚Šๅ‚ (uphill) and ไธ‹ใ‚Šๅ‚ (downhill). Have a look: ไธŠ โ–ธ ยท ไธ‹ โ–ธ

โœ๏ธ Try It Yourself โ€” ใ‚Œใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…ใ†

Say each answer out loud first, then click to check.

1. Say "You must not smoke here."

Show answer

2. Say "You must wear a seat belt."

Show answer

3. Ask "May I park here?" and answer "No, you must not."

Show answer

4. Say the casual "You mustn't drive after drinking."

Show answer

5. What do these signs mean: ๆญขใพใ‚Œ, ไธ€ๆ–น้€š่กŒ, ๆบ€่ปŠ?

Show answer

Stop; one-way street; car park full.

6. Give directions: "Turn right at the corner, then go straight."

Show answer