Driving & Cars
Japanese Basic Conversation 4
Chapter 3 ยท Driving & Cars: Renting, Fuel, Repairs & Traffic Rules
๐ Driving & Cars โ ใใใฆใ
Outside the big cities, a hired car is often the best way to see Japan, and the rules of the road are a good place to practise prohibitions and obligations. This chapter covers renting a car, filling up, using an expressway, parking and the rules, together with the new pattern ใใฆใฏ ใใใพใใ ("must not") and a review of ใใชใใใฐ ใชใใพใใ ("must"). You also learn to recognise road signs in kanji. Japan drives on the left, as in Britain. There is no romaji except in the vocabulary table. Each dialog is followed by a Words note with English meanings.
โ Renting a Car โ ใฌใณใฟใซใผ
โก At the Petrol Station โ ใฌใฝใชใณในใฟใณใ
โข The Rules of the Road โ ใใใคใใซใผใซ
โฃ The Expressway โ ใใใใใฉใใ
โค Parking and Signs โ ใกใ ใใใ
โฅ Between Friends (casual) โ ใจใใ ใกใจ
๐ Key Phrases โ ใ ใใใช ใฒใใใใ
| English | Polite (ใงใ / ใพใ) | Casual (friends) |
|---|---|---|
| You must not park here. | ใใใซ ใจใใฆใฏ ใใใพใใใ | ใใใซ ใจใใกใ ใ ใใ |
| You must wear a seat belt. | ใทใผใใใซใใ ใใชใใใฐ ใชใใพใใใ | ใทใผใใใซใ ใใชใใใ |
| May I park here? | ใใใซ ใจใใฆใ ใใใงใใใ | ใใใซ ใจใใฆ ใใ? |
| Fill it up, please. | ใพใใฟใณใง ใใญใใใใพใใ | ใพใใฟใณใง! |
| Turn right at the corner. | ใใฉใ ใฟใใซ ใพใใฃใฆ ใใ ใใใ | ใใฉใใฟใใซ ใพใใฃใฆใ |
| Don't drive after drinking. | ใฎใใ ใ ใใใฆใใใชใใง ใใ ใใใ | ใฎใใ ใ ใใใฆใ ใใชใใงใญใ |
๐ค Three Verbs โ ใฉใใ
| Verb | Polite | Plain | ใชใ-form | ใฆ-form |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| to stop, park (G2) | ใจใใพใ | ใจใใ | ใจใใชใ | ใจใใฆ |
| to turn (G1) | ใพใใใพใ | ใพใใ | ใพใใใชใ | ใพใใฃใฆ |
| to pass through (G1) | ใจใใใพใ | ใจใใ | ใจใใใชใ | ใจใใฃใฆ |
๐งฐ Grammar Tools โ ใถใใฝใ
1. ใใฆใฏ ใใใพใใ: "must not"
To say that something is forbidden, take the ใฆ-form and add ใฏ ใใใพใใ: ใใใซ ใจใใฆใฏ ใใใพใใใ "You must not park here." It was shown for recognition in Japanese Basic Conversation 3 6; now it is a pattern you can use. In casual speech it becomes ใใกใ ใ ใ or ใใฆใฏ ใ ใ: ใฎใใ ใ ใใใฆใใใกใ ใ ใใ
| You mean | Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| may I? | ใฆ-form + ใ ใใใงใใ | ใใใง ใกใ ใใใใใฆใ ใใใงใใใ |
| you may | ใฆ-form + ใ ใใใงใ | ใฏใใใกใ ใใใใใฆใ ใใใงใใ |
| you must not | ใฆ-form + ใฏ ใใใพใใ | ใใใใใกใ ใใใใใฆใฏ ใใใพใใใ |
| please don't (request) | ใชใ-form + ใง ใใ ใใ | ใใใซ ใกใ ใใใใใชใใง ใใ ใใใ |
| casual: must not | ใฆ-form + ใฏ ใ ใ / ใกใ ใ ใ | ใใใซ ใจใใกใ ใ ใใ |
Casual ใใกใ is ใใฆใฏ shortened (ใจใใฆใฏ โ ใจใใกใ; with ใง-form verbs, ใใใ: ใฎใใงใฏ โ ใฎใใใ). A sign that prohibits something often just uses a noun with ใใใ ("prohibited"): ใกใ ใใใใใใ, ใใกใใใใใ.
2. ใใชใใใฐ ใชใใพใใ: obligations on the road
You learned ใใชใใใฐ ใชใใพใใ in Japanese Basic Conversation 3 6. The ใชใ-form drops ใ and adds ใใใฐ ใชใใพใใ. Road rules use it a lot:
| Rule | Japanese |
|---|---|
| You must drive on the left. | ใฒใ ใใใใ ใฏใใใชใใใฐ ใชใใพใใใ |
| You must stop at a red light. | ใใใใใใใง ใจใพใใชใใใฐ ใชใใพใใใ |
| You must wear a seat belt. | ใทใผใใใซใใ ใใชใใใฐ ใชใใพใใใ |
| You must carry your licence. | ใใใใใใใใ ใใฃใฆ ใใชใใใฐ ใชใใพใใใ |
| You need not pay. | ใฏใใใชใใฆใ ใใใงใใ |
3. Road signs in kanji (recognition)
You do not have to write these, but you will meet them on the road. Learn to recognise the whole word at a glance.
| Sign | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ๆญขใพใ | ใจใพใ | stop (red triangle sign) |
| ้ง่ป็ฆๆญข | ใกใ ใใใใใใ | no parking |
| ไธๆน้่ก | ใใฃใฝใใคใใใ | one-way street |
| ้ฒๅ ฅ็ฆๆญข | ใใใซใ ใใใใ | no entry |
| ๅพ่ก | ใใใใ | slow down |
| ๅทฅไบไธญ | ใใใใกใ ใ | road works |
| ้ซ้้่ทฏ | ใใใใใฉใใ | expressway |
| ๅบๅฃ / ๅ ฅๅฃ | ใงใใก / ใใใใก | exit / entrance |
| ๆบ่ป / ็ฉบ่ป | ใพใใใ / ใใใใ | car park full / spaces available |
| ไธใ / ไธใ | ใฎใผใ / ใใ ใ | inbound (towards Tokyo) / outbound |
The word ใใใใใฉใใ (priority road) is the road that has the right of way at a junction; the road meeting it must give way or stop. Look for the sign ๆญขใพใ on the minor road.
๐ฐ Reading โ ใใฟใใฎ
Read the text with kanji (readings in brackets). If it's too hard, open the kana-only version below it. Then answer the true/false questions.
ใซใปใใง ใใใฆใ
ๅปๅนด(ใใใญใ)ใฎ ๅค(ใชใค)ใๅๆตท้(ใปใฃใใใฉใ)ใง ใฌใณใฟใซใผใ ๅ(ใ)ใใพใใใๆฅๆฌ(ใซใปใ)ใฎ ่ป(ใใใพ)ใฏ ๅทฆๅด(ใฒใ ใใใ)ใ ่ตฐ(ใฏใ)ใใฎใงใใคใฎใชในใจ ๅ(ใใช)ใใงใใใงใใ้(ใฟใก)ใฎ ใฒใใใใใฏ ๆผขๅญ(ใใใ)ใงใใใใใฏใใใฏ ใใ ใใใใพใใใงใใใใๆญข(ใจ)ใพใใใฎ ใฒใใใใใงใฏใใใชใใ ๆญขใพใใชใใใฐ ใชใใพใใใใ้ง่ป็ฆๆญข(ใกใ ใใใใใใ)ใใฎ ใจใใใซใฏใ่ปใ ๆญขใใฆใฏ ใใใพใใใใฌใฝใชใณในใฟใณใใฏ ใปใซใใ ใใใใฆใใใถใใง ใฌใฝใชใณใ ใใใพใใใๅบ(ใฟใ)ใฎ ไบบ(ใฒใจ)ใ ใใใใงใฏ ใใฐใใ ใใฃใฆใฏ ใใใพใใใใจ ่จ(ใ)ใใพใใใ้ซ้้่ทฏ(ใใใใใฉใใ)ใฏ ETCใซใผใใ ใชใใฆใ ่ตฐใใพใใใงใใใใฃใฑใใฎ ใฒใผใใ ใจใใใชใใใฐ ใชใใพใใใใใฉใคใใฏ ใใฎใใใฃใใงใใ
Show the kana-only version
ใใใญใใฎ ใชใคใใปใฃใใใฉใใง ใฌใณใฟใซใผใ ใใใพใใใใซใปใใฎ ใใใพใฏ ใฒใ ใใใใ ใฏใใใฎใงใใคใฎใชในใจ ใใชใใงใใใงใใใฟใกใฎ ใฒใใใใใฏ ใใใใงใใใใใฏใใใฏ ใใ ใใใใพใใใงใใใใใจใพใใใฎ ใฒใใใใใงใฏใใใชใใ ใจใพใใชใใใฐ ใชใใพใใใใใกใ ใใใใใใใใฎ ใจใใใซใฏใใใใพใ ใจใใฆใฏ ใใใพใใใใฌใฝใชใณในใฟใณใใฏ ใปใซใใ ใใใใฆใใใถใใง ใฌใฝใชใณใ ใใใพใใใใฟใใฎ ใฒใจใ ใใใใงใฏ ใใฐใใ ใใฃใฆใฏ ใใใพใใใใจ ใใใพใใใใใใใใฉใใใฏ ETCใซใผใใ ใชใใฆใ ใฏใใใพใใใงใใใใฃใฑใใฎ ใฒใผใใ ใจใใใชใใใฐ ใชใใพใใใใใฉใคใใฏ ใใฎใใใฃใใงใใ
English: Last summer I rented a car in Hokkaido. Japanese cars drive on the left, so it's the same as Britain. But the road signs are in kanji, so at first I didn't understand them well. At a "stop" sign you must always stop. You must not park where it says "no parking". Many petrol stations are self-service, so I put in the petrol myself. A member of staff said "You must not smoke here." On expressways you can drive without an ETC card, but you must go through the general gate. The drive was fun.
Words: ใฏใใใพใ can drive (a recognition form) ยท ใใฉใคใ drive
1. The writer rented a car in Hokkaido.
Show answer
True: ใปใฃใใใฉใใง ใฌใณใฟใซใผใ ใใใพใใ.
2. Japanese cars drive on the right.
Show answer
False: they drive on the left, as in Britain.
3. You may park where there is a ้ง่ป็ฆๆญข sign.
Show answer
False: ใใใพใ ใจใใฆใฏ ใใใพใใ.
4. You need an ETC card to use the expressway.
Show answer
False: you can drive without one, but you must use the general gate.
๐ Vocabulary โ ใใ
20 key words for driving. This table is the only place with romaji: use the Say it column.
| # | Japanese | Say it | English | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ใฌใณใฟใซใผ | rentakฤ | rental car | noun |
| 2 | ใใใฆใใใใใ (้่ปขๅ ่จฑ) | unten menkyo | driving licence | noun |
| 3 | ใฌใฝใชใณ | gasorin | petrol | noun |
| 4 | ใพใใฟใณ (ๆบใฟใณ) | mantan | full tank | noun |
| 5 | ใใใใใฉใใ (้ซ้้่ทฏ) | kลsoku dลro | expressway | noun |
| 6 | ETC | ฤซ-tฤซ-shฤซ | electronic toll card system | noun |
| 7 | ใกใ ใใใใใใ (้ง่ปๅ ด) | chลซshajล | car park | noun |
| 8 | ใใใใ (ไฟกๅท) | shingล | traffic light | noun |
| 9 | ใฒใใใใ (ๆจ่ญ) | hyลshiki | road sign | noun |
| 10 | ใใใใฆใ (ไบคๅทฎ็น) | kลsaten | junction | noun |
| 11 | ใทใผใใใซใ | shฤซto beruto | seat belt | noun |
| 12 | ใใ (ไบๆ ) | jiko | accident | noun |
| 13 | ใใใ (็ฆๆญข) | kinshi | prohibition | noun |
| 14 | ใใฉ (่ง) | kado | corner | noun |
| 15 | ใใใใใฉใใ (ๅชๅ ้่ทฏ) | yลซsen dลro | priority road | noun |
| 16 | ใใใฆใใใพใ (้่ปขใใพใ) | unten shimasu | drive | verb |
| 17 | ใจใใพใ (ๆญขใใพใ) | tomemasu | stop, park | verb |
| 18 | ใพใใใพใ (ๆฒใใใพใ) | magarimasu | turn | verb |
| 19 | ใจใใใพใ (้ใใพใ) | tลrimasu | pass through | verb |
| 20 | ใใใใพใ (ๆธกใใพใ) | watarimasu | cross | verb |
โ๏ธ Try It Yourself โ ใใใใ ใ
Say each answer out loud first, then click to check.
1. Say "You must not smoke here."
Show answer
ใใใง ใใฐใใ ใใฃใฆใฏ ใใใพใใใ
2. Say "You must wear a seat belt."
Show answer
ใทใผใใใซใใ ใใชใใใฐ ใชใใพใใใ
3. Ask "May I park here?" and answer "No, you must not."
Show answer
ใใใซ ใจใใฆใ ใใใงใใใโ ใใใใใจใใฆใฏ ใใใพใใใ
4. Say the casual "You mustn't drive after drinking."
Show answer
ใฎใใ ใ ใใใฆใใใกใ ใ ใใ
5. What do these signs mean: ๆญขใพใ, ไธๆน้่ก, ๆบ่ป?
Show answer
Stop; one-way street; car park full.
6. Give directions: "Turn right at the corner, then go straight."
Show answer
ใใฉใ ใฟใใซ ใพใใฃใฆใใพใฃใใ ใใฃใฆ ใใ ใใใ