CHALLENGE 1: A Typed Damage-Calculation Function
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TASK
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Write a typed function calculate_damage(base: int, multiplier: float)
-> int that returns the base damage multiplied by the multiplier,
rounded down to a whole number. Call it with a few different values
and print the results.

SOLUTION CODE
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extends Node2D

func _ready() -> void:
    print(calculate_damage(10, 1.5))
    print(calculate_damage(20, 2.0))
    print(calculate_damage(7, 0.75))

func calculate_damage(base: int, multiplier: float) -> int:
    return int(base * multiplier)

OUTPUT
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15
40
5

WHY THIS WORKS AS AN ANSWER
----------------------------
The function signature matches the task exactly: a typed int
parameter, a typed float parameter, and a typed int return value -
so the editor would immediately flag it as an error if, say, a
String were passed in by mistake.

base * multiplier produces a float (int * float always promotes to
float in GDScript, the same rule Python follows), so int(...) is
needed to convert that float back down to a whole number before
returning it - int() truncates toward zero rather than rounding, so
7 * 0.75 = 5.25 correctly becomes 5, not 6. That's what "rounded
down" means here: any fractional part is simply dropped.