euesa1-9, Exercise 1: The war in Ukraine and ESA

Model answer (two effects):

1. Soyuz launches from Kourou ended, because Russia withdrew its support.
2. The ExoMars rover, planned to launch on a Russian rocket in 2022, was suspended and the cooperation was later ended; a new plan with American help has been discussed for the late 2020s (check).
(Also: the political context for the International Space Station changed.)

Lesson many draw: ESA depended too much on one partner, so Europe needs more independence in launch and key technology, the same argument that justified Ariane in the 1970s.