debeer1-3, Exercise 1: What the order named

Model answer:

The 1516 order named barley, hops and water. It did not name yeast, because brewers did not then know that yeast was a living organism; they used leftover yeast from earlier batches without a name for it. Beyond ingredients, the order also set maximum prices (lower in summer than in winter) and a penalty of confiscation for breaking the rule, so it was an economic order as well as a quality rule.