frmusic1-8, Exercise 1: Musique concrete

Model answer:

Musique concrete is music composed from recorded sounds, such as trains and other everyday noises, changed by cutting, looping, slowing and reversing the tape. It is called concrete because the composer works directly with sound as material rather than with abstract notation. Cutting, looping and reversing recorded sound is the ancestor of sampling, and the techniques passed over decades into electronic dance music and hip-hop.

Check the dates against a reference work.