frmusic1-2, Exercise 1: Troubadours and trouveres

Model answer:

Troubadours were poet-composers of the south who wrote in Occitan (the langue d'oc); trouveres were their counterparts in the north, writing in the langue d'oil, an ancestor of modern French. Modern performances involve reconstruction because the words of many songs survive without music, and the manuscripts do not show rhythm clearly, so performers have to decide how the songs should sound.

Check the details of the earliest names against a reference work.