Exercise 1: emptyDir vs. PersistentVolume — What Each One Survives — Possible Solution
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emptyDir Volume:

Per the chapter, an emptyDir volume's lifetime "is tied to the pod's
own lifetime." It SURVIVES a container restart WITHIN the same pod --
if a container inside a pod crashes and is restarted by the kubelet,
the emptyDir volume's contents are still there afterward, since the
pod itself never went away, only one container inside it restarted.

It does NOT survive the POD itself being deleted or replaced. If the
pod is deleted (whether manually, via a rolling update per Chapter 5,
or replaced after a node failure), the emptyDir volume and everything
written to it is gone permanently, along with the pod -- a brand new
pod, even one from the exact same Deployment, starts with a completely
empty emptyDir volume of its own.

PersistentVolume:

Per the chapter, a PersistentVolume's "lifetime is INDEPENDENT of any
specific pod -- it exists as a cluster resource on its own." It
survives EVERYTHING an emptyDir doesn't: container restarts, pod
deletion, pod replacement, even the ORIGINAL pod being gone entirely.
As long as the PersistentVolumeClaim referencing it (and the
underlying PV itself) isn't explicitly deleted, a NEW pod that mounts
the same PVC will see the SAME data that was there before -- genuinely
persistent, independent of any single pod's lifecycle.

Summary distinction: emptyDir survives at the CONTAINER level within
one pod's lifetime; PersistentVolume survives independently of POD
lifetime entirely, which is the actual property needed for data that
must outlive any individual pod.

WHY THIS WORKS AS AN ANSWER
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This distinguishes the two by naming the SPECIFIC lifecycle boundary
each one is tied to -- container restart within a pod (emptyDir) vs.
independent of pod lifecycle altogether (PersistentVolume) -- directly
addressing the chapter's own warn-box point that surviving a container
restart can create a misleading impression of durability that doesn't
actually extend to surviving pod replacement.