Exercise 3: Three "Looks Broken, Actually Working as Designed" Examples — Possible Solution ==================================================================== Three examples, drawn from the chapter's own closing table: 1. CHAPTER 1 -- A leaked, publicly-readable storage bucket looking like "the cloud is insecure." In reality, per the shared responsibility model, this was a customer-side configuration mistake -- the provider's infrastructure was never at fault; the bucket's permission setting was simply left in a state the customer controlled and configured incorrectly. 2. CHAPTER 5/7 -- "I can't reach my database directly from outside." In reality, this is very often the deliberate private-subnet pattern working exactly as intended -- databases are commonly placed where they are NOT directly reachable from the internet on purpose, specifically to reduce the attack surface, and the correct response is a bastion host or VPN, not treating the unreachability itself as a bug to "fix" by exposing the database. 3. CHAPTER 3 -- "I'm still being billed even though my VM is stopped." In reality, stopping a VM only halts COMPUTE charges; its attached storage volume continues to exist and continues billing independently, exactly as the billing model is designed to work -- not an error in the invoice. (A fourth valid example from Chapter 11: a confusing IaC "plan" output showing unexpected changes, which is very often just the tool reconciling drift introduced by an earlier manual console fix, not a bug in the tool itself.) What they have in common: In every case, the SYMPTOM (something inaccessible, something still costing money, something showing unexpected output) looks identical to a genuine failure from the outside -- but the actual explanation, in every single case, is that the system is behaving exactly according to an intentional design decision or a well-defined billing/replication rule, not malfunctioning. The common thread is that assuming "something is broken" without first asking "could this be intentional behavior I don't yet understand" leads to the wrong diagnosis every time -- which is exactly the instinct the chapter's own tip-box recommends carrying forward: ask what it would mean for the behavior to be intentional, before assuming it's a bug. WHY THIS WORKS AS AN ANSWER ------------------------------ Each example is drawn directly from the chapter's own summary table, and the closing "what they have in common" paragraph restates the chapter's own explicitly named throughline -- that recognizing intentional-but-surprising behavior, rather than defaulting to "this must be broken," is the single most transferable skill the whole course has been building toward.