website/japan/language/homework2/adjectives.js

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import { addSyntax } from '/scripts/code.js';
import { addVocab, addLink } from '/scripts/japanese.js';
import { romajiToHiragana, insertHiragana } from '/scripts/japanese_conversion.js';

const heading = document.querySelector(".heading");
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const main = document.querySelector(".main_content");

heading.append(addTitle("Japanese Language"));
heading.append(addParagraph("Philip Osztromok"));

main.append(addHeader("Adjectives"));
main.append(addImageWithCaption("./images/what_kind_of_house.png", "Adjectives describing a house."));
main.append(addParagraph("These are some words and their opposites for describing a house."));
main.append(addVocab("hiroi", "Spacious"));
main.append(addVocab("semai", "Small - as in compact or cramped.  It can also mean narrow."));
main.append(addVocab("ookii", "big"));
main.append(addVocab("chiisai", "small"));
main.append(addVocab("atarashii", "new"));
main.append(addVocab("furui", "old - referring to things, not people"));
main.append(addVocab("shizukana", "noisy - na is used to show that this relates to an noun"));
main.append(addVocab("urusai", "noisy"));
main.append(addVocab("kireina", "tidy - or beautiful"));
main.append(addVocab("kitanai", "untidy - or dirty"));

main.append(addSubHeader("Adjective Conjugations"));

main.append(addSmallHeader("The i adjectives"));
main.append(addImageWithCaption("./images/adjectives-2024-11-08.png", "Conjugating the i adjectives."));
main.append(addVocab("yuumeidesu", "It is famous"));
main.append(addVocab("yuumekunaidesu", "It is not famous"));
main.append(addVocab("yuumekatadesu", "It was famous"));
main.append(addVocab("yuumekunakatadesu", "It was not famous"));
main.append(addParagraph("The shortcut description of this is that the i is removed from the end of the adjective and becomes"));
main.append(addParagraph("present-affirmative"));
main.append(addVocab("i"));
main.append(addParagraph("past-affirmative"));
main.append(addVocab("ka-ta"));
main.append(addParagraph("present-affirmative"));
main.append(addVocab("kunai"));
main.append(addParagraph("present-affirmative"));
main.append(addVocab("ka-takunia"));

main.append(addSmallHeader("The na adjectives"));
main.append(addImageWithCaption("./images/na_adjectives-2024-11-08.png", "Conjugating the na adjectives."));
main.append(addVocab("shizukadesu", "It is old"));
main.append(addVocab("shizukajyaaimasen", "It is not old"));
main.append(addVocab("shizukadeshita", "It was old"));
main.append(addVocab("shizukajyaaimasendeshita", "It was not old"));
main.append(addParagraph("The shortcut description is a little different for the na adjectives because the past tense is expressed in the verb rather than the adjective."));
main.append(addParagraph("For the present-affirmative, the adjective is ubchanged (obviously since it is normally expressed in this form)!  To add the verb, that is to say it is old or whatever the adjective is, we just add"));
main.append(addVocab("desu", "it is"));
main.append(addParagraph("For the past affirmative, we add"));
main.append(addVocab("deshita", "it was"));
main.append(addParagraph("For the past negative, we add the negative and the verb so for the negative"));
main.append(addVocab("shaai", "not"));
main.append(addParagraph("and for the verb"));
main.append(addVocab("masen", "it is"));
main.append(addParagraph("giving"));
main.append(addVocab("shaaimasen", "it is not"));
main.append(addParagraph("For the past negative, we combine these with the negative part again coming first which gives us"));
main.append(addVocab("shaaimasendeshita", "it was not"));
main.append(addParagraph("These are always added on to the end of the adjective"));

main.append(addSubHeader("Some examples of adjectives"));
main.append(addSmallHeader("i adjectives"));
main.append(addVocab("hiori", "spacious"));
main.append(addVocab("kawaii", "cute"));
main.append(addVocab("kirei", "beautiful"));

main.append(addSmallHeader("na adjectives"));
main.append(addVocab("shizuka", "quiet"));

main.append(addSmallHeader("Conversation"));

main.append(addImageWithCaption("./images/places.png", "Places mentioned in the practive conversations."));

main.append(addSubHeader("ichi"));
main.append(addImageWithCaption("./conversation/X__07-22__kiku1.png", "Asking where Bisaru-san lives."));
main.append(addAudioClip("./conversation/X__07-22__kiku1.mp3"));

main.append(addParagraph("Let's look at this in a bit more detail."));
main.append(addVocab("bisarusanwa, dokonisundeimasuka?", "Hey Bisaru, where do you live?"));
main.append(addVocab("kaishanoryounisundeimasu", "I live in the company dormitory.  Google translate gives 'I'll boil it in vinegar in the company dormitory.' for this!"));
main.append(addParagraph("A couple of words to remember here."));
main.append(addVocab("kaisha", "company"));
main.append(addParagraph("We also have a particle,"));
main.append(addVocab("no", "of"));
main.append(addParagraph("the place"));
main.append(addVocab("ryo", "dormitory"));
main.append(addParagraph("and another particle."));
main.append(addVocab("ni", "in"));
main.append(addParagraph("If we translated this literally, we would get company of   dormitory in"));
main.append(addParagraph("So we have the thing that owns the place indicated by company of, the place indicated by dormitory and in indicating that we are describing something in this place.  As usual, the verb is last which is"));
main.append(addVocab("sundeimasu", "I live"));
main.append(addVocab("hiroidesuka?", "Is it spacious?"))
main.append(addParagraph("Here we have an i adjective in the present affirmative."))
main.append(addVocab("ie, hirokunaidesu", "No, it is not spacious!"));
main.append(addParagraph("This time, the adjective is in the present negative."));
main.append(addVocab("soudesuka", "I see"));
main.append(addVocab("demo, totemoshizukadesu.  chikakunikouengaarimasu.", "But it is really quiet.  There is a park nearby."));
main.append(addVocab("demo", "but or however"));
main.append(addVocab("totemo", "very or really"));
main.append(addVocab("chikaku", "nearby"));
main.append(addVocab("kouen", "park"));
main.append(addVocab("gaarimasu", "there is"));
main.append(addParagraph("Notice we also have a na adjective in the present affirmative."));
main.append(addVocab("soudesuka", "I see"));

main.append(addSubHeader("ni"));
main.append(addImageWithCaption("./conversation/X__07-23__kiku2.png", "Aruni-san, what about you?"));
main.append(addAudioClip("./conversation/X__07-23__kiku2.mp3"));

main.append(addParagraph("Again, we will break this down."));
main.append(addVocab("arunisan?", "What about you, Aruni?"));
main.append(addVocab("私wa, kitamachinoア-パトnisundeimasu", "Me, North of town apartment I live or I live in an apartment in the north part of town."));
main.append(addParagraph("Some more vocaulary."));
main.append(addVocab("kitamachi", "north-area"));
main.append(addParagraph("North area is probably a reasonable translation.  Typically, it's used as a place name or part of a place name similar to the way we might say Edinburgh North or North London."));
main.append(addParagraph("We also have a particle,"));
main.append(addVocab("ni", "in - as we saw in the first conversation."));
main.append(addParagraph("There is also a bit of katakana in there, ア-パト, which looks like it would mean apartment or flat but it has a slightly different meaning in Japanese.  As an aside, let's look at some of the different types of home in Japan and how they are referred to in Japanese.  These are typically written either in katakana or kanji - based on the examples I have seen so far!"));
main.append(addImageWithCaption("./images/homes.png", "Different types of home in Japan"));
main.append(addInset("ア-パト - apaato"));
main.append(addParagraph("This is a small apartment block, usually two floors but key features of this type of block is that the upper floor is reached by stairs.  The building typically doesn't have a common area with an elevator.  An example of this is the block that both Chizuru and Kazuya live in in the Manga/Anime show, Rent A Girlfriend."));
main.append(addInset("マンシヨン - manshon"));
main.append(addParagraph("This is a larger apartment block with a concierge and an elevator so there is some common area, which we would call a close in Scotland and there is a concierge.  I don't recall seeing an example of this in any Japanese TV show but the apartment block in Big Bang Theory is a good approximation although maybe without the concierge."));
main.append(addInset("シエアハウス - shera hausu"));
main.append(addParagraph("This is simply a shared house so similar to the house that the main characters live in in the Anime shows 'The Cafe Terrace and It's Goddesses or Tying the Know with an Amagami Sister albeit these are both in settings where the house is part of a cafe or shrine.  Maybe Merdith's house in Grey's Anatomy would be a better example."));
main.append(addInset("寮 or ryō"));
main.append(addParagraph("This is a dormitory so typically the sort of place where students might live.  Something that is perhaps unusual about this in Japan is that it is more common to see dormitories owned by a company to house it's employees.  I'm not sure if this ever happens in the UK unless you are in the armed forces or are a student!"));
main.append(addVocab(""));
main.append(addVocab("kireidesuka"));
main.append(addParagraph("So here we have an i adjective in it's basic form and that is:"));
main.append(addVocab("kirei", "pretty or clean"));
main.append(addParagraph("Bisaru-san is asking if the dormitory is pretty or clean, apparently these two terms mean the same thing to a Japanese person!"));
main.append(addVocab("hai, kireidesu, demo, cho-tofureidesu"));
main.append(addParagraph("It is pretty, let's go with that :), but it is something else as well so we have another adjective, again an i adjective in it's basic form.  As with きれい, it is in the present tense, affirmative"));
main.append(addVocab("furuidesu", "old"));
main.append(addParagraph("so Aruni-san is saying that it is old but she also adds a modifying adjective"));
main.append(addVocab("choto-", "a bit"));
main.append(addParagraph("She is saying that the apartment is a little bit old!"));
main.append(addVocab("shizukadesuka", "is it quiet?"));
main.append(addParagraph("Again, we have an adjective in the present affirmative."));
main.append(addVocab("ie, chikakuniga-ko-gaaridesu. amarishizukajanaidesu", "no, it is near a school.  It is not very quiet!"));
main.append(addParagraph("Arumi-san answers in the negative.  She mentions that there is a school nearby.  We then have the same adjective in the present negative."));
main.append(addVocab("shizukajanaidesu", "not quiet!"));
main.append(addParagraph("There is also another qualifying adjective."));
main.append(addVocab("amari", "not very"));
main.append(addParagraph("It is near a school so as expected, it is not particularly quiet!"));
main.append(addVocab("aa", "ah"));
main.append(("A little bit of onomatopeia to finish with!"));

main.append(addSubHeader("san"));
main.append(addAudioClip("./conversation/X__07-24__kiku3.mp3"));
main.append(addVocab("maedaasanwa, manshondeska", "maira, is it an apartment block"));
main.append(addVocab("uchiwa i-kodate", "my house is a traditional Japanese house or just detached house"));
main.append(addParagraph("I can't get the Japanese spelling of uchiwa quite right but the meaning is my house and you can see that いっこだて is one of the types of home mentioned previously."));
main.append(addParagraph("Actually, just house would be a better translation above, see types of homes above.  It can mean any family house (as opposed to a flat.  In English, the nearest-equivalent would probably be a detached house).  Just as a matter of interest, Google translate does translate this as detached house which I think is a good translation."));
main.append(addVocab("suboidesune", "that's amazing!"));
main.append(addVocab("demo, okikunaidesu", "but it's not big"));
main.append(addVocab("sodesuka, ataraishidesuka", "is it new?"));
main.append(addVocab("ie, atarashikunaidesu, totemofuruidesu", "no, it's not new, it is very old"));
main.append(addVocab("chikokuni otera gaarimasu.  oteramo totemo furuidesu", "Nearby, there is a temple,  The temple is also very old"));
main.append(addVocab("Notice that we have the word for temple here which is おてら and we also have おてらも.  The も is a particle and means also so in this example, the temple also is very old."));
main.append(addParagraph("Just for fun, if you translate 'You and your little Toto too' into Japanese, this is"));
main.append(addVocab("anata to anata no chisana トトmo", "You and your little Toto too!"));
main.append(("which to be honest, isn't quite as snappy in Japanese but it does sounds pretty cool!  An interesting point about this sentence is that in Japanese, every word except 小さな  has a particle tagged on the end so there are three in total"));
main.append(addVocab("anatoto", "you and"));
main.append(addVocab("anatono", "your"));
main.append(addParagraph("So あなた (anata) means you but when we add the to particle it becomes \"you and\" and when we add the no particle which indicates possession, it becomes \"your\"."));
main.append(addParagraph("Another point of interest is that we have seen previously, for example when asking someone to speak a little slower, the word little is translated as"));
main.append(addVocab("sukoshi", "little"));
main.append(addParagraph("This means little as in a small amount so you could use it when referring to a small amount of money or a little slower but you wouldn't use it to refer to a small child or, as in our example, a small Toto.  In this case, the Japanese word for small (or little) is"));
main.append(addVocab("chisana", "little or small"));
main.append(addVocab("heー", "eh!"));
main.append(addParagraph("Once again, we have a bit of Japanese onomatopeia to finish off with."));

main.append(addParagraph(""));
main.append(addParagraph(""));
main.append(addParagraph(""));





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