From e913f4b7ac368e439e778c879a80e2e7fa73dba7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Blaine Cowart Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2025 11:38:31 +0100 Subject: [PATCH] Update 'IEEE Micro. 12 (6): 68-78. Doi:10.1109/40.180249' --- ...icro.-12-%286%29%3A-68-78.-Doi%3A10.1109%2F40.180249.md | 7 +++++++ 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+) create mode 100644 IEEE-Micro.-12-%286%29%3A-68-78.-Doi%3A10.1109%2F40.180249.md diff --git a/IEEE-Micro.-12-%286%29%3A-68-78.-Doi%3A10.1109%2F40.180249.md b/IEEE-Micro.-12-%286%29%3A-68-78.-Doi%3A10.1109%2F40.180249.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5673b64 --- /dev/null +++ b/IEEE-Micro.-12-%286%29%3A-68-78.-Doi%3A10.1109%2F40.180249.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +
Content material-addressable memory (CAM) is a particular kind of pc memory utilized in sure very-excessive-velocity looking applications. It is often known as associative [Memory Wave](https://wikigranny.com/wiki/index.php/User:BookerMcmanus) or associative storage and compares enter search knowledge towards a desk of stored information, and returns the tackle of matching information. CAM is regularly used in networking gadgets where it speeds up forwarding data base and routing desk operations. This sort of associative memory can be utilized in cache memory. In associative cache memory, both handle and content is stored facet by facet. When the address matches, the corresponding content is fetched from cache memory. Dudley Allen Buck invented the idea of content-addressable memory in 1955. Buck is credited with the concept of recognition unit. In contrast to normal pc [Memory Wave App](https://gummipuppen-wiki.de/index.php?title=What_Is_BIOS_Most_Necessary_Function), random-entry memory (RAM), wherein the person provides a memory address and the RAM returns the info phrase saved at that handle, a CAM is designed such that the user supplies an information word and the CAM searches its complete memory to see if that knowledge word is stored anyplace in it.
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If the data word is found, the CAM returns an inventory of a number of storage addresses the place the phrase was discovered. Thus, a CAM is the hardware embodiment of what in software program phrases would be called an associative array. A significant interface definition for CAMs and other community search engines was specified in an interoperability settlement known as the Look-Apart Interface (LA-1 and LA-1B) developed by the Community Processing Discussion board. Quite a few gadgets conforming to the interoperability settlement have been produced by Integrated Machine Technology, Cypress Semiconductor, IBM, Broadcom and others. On December 11, 2007, the OIF revealed the serial look-apart (SLA) interface agreement. CAM is much sooner than RAM in knowledge search functions. There are price disadvantages to CAM, nevertheless. Unlike a RAM chip, which has simple storage cells, every individual memory bit in a completely parallel CAM will need to have its personal associated comparison circuit to detect a match between the saved bit and the enter bit. Additionally, match outputs from every cell in the info phrase must be mixed to yield a whole knowledge phrase match sign.
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The extra circuitry will increase the bodily measurement and manufacturing cost of the CAM chip. The extra circuitry additionally increases energy dissipation since each comparison circuit is energetic on each clock cycle. Consequently, CAM is used only in specialized functions where looking out pace can't be completed using a much less expensive methodology. One profitable early implementation was a Normal Goal Associative Processor IC and System. MOSAID launched [CAM merchandise](https://www.hometalk.com/search/posts?filter=CAM%20merchandise) concentrating on networking purposes. These merchandise were labelled Community Search engines like google (NSE), Community Search Accelerators (NSA), and Data-based mostly Processors (KBP) but were primarily CAM with specialized interfaces and features optimized for networking. At the moment Broadcom presents a number of families of KBPs. To realize a unique steadiness between velocity, memory measurement and value, some implementations emulate the function of CAM through the use of commonplace tree search or hashing designs in hardware, utilizing hardware tips like replication or pipelining to speed up efficient efficiency. These designs are sometimes utilized in routers. The Luleå algorithm is an efficient implementation for longest prefix match searches as required in internet routing tables.
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X or don't care for one or more bits in the stored phrase, thus including flexibility to the search. For instance, a saved word of 10XX0 in a ternary CAM will match any of the four search phrases 10000, 10010, 10100, or 10110. The added search flexibility comes at a further cost over binary CAM as the interior [Memory Wave](https://practico.bg/greece-travel) cell should now encode three attainable states instead of the two for the binary CAM. This additional state is usually implemented by adding a mask bit (care or do not care bit) to each memory cell. In 2013, IBM fabricated a nonvolatile TCAM utilizing 2-transistor/2-resistive-storage (2T-2R) cells. A design of [TCAM utilizing](https://www.savethestudent.org/?s=TCAM%20utilizing) hybrid Ferroelectric FeFET was recently revealed by a gaggle of Worldwide scientists. Content material-addressable memory is commonly utilized in computer networking devices. For instance, when a network switch receives a knowledge body from one among its ports, it updates an inside table with the frame's supply MAC deal with and the port it was obtained on.
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